Electromagnetic exposure hot-spots in a healthcare environment, caused by smart metering to control public utilities

Smart metering systems using the wireless transfer of data to control the consumption of various public utilities are among the sources of localised electromagnetic exposure in a healthcare environment. The environmental health and safety impact of this technology is under public concern. Our study focuses on the international evaluation of parameters characterising localised hot-spot exposure near smart meter facilities used in various healthcare environments. Significant differences in the exposure characteristics were found between locations. Localised electromagnetic field exposure at levels that may cause electromagnetic hazards in the specific healthcare environment have been found near smart metering facilities (in the range of several dozen centimetres). It needs attention and further wider studies.