Novel Wavelengths Watt-Level Pr3+:LiYF4 Orange Lasers

We report the first demonstration on four new wavelengths of 609 nm, 613 nm, 618 nm in both
$\sigma $
- and
$\pi $
-polarized direction based on continuous-wave Pr
$^{3+}$
:LiYF4(Pr
$^{3+}$
:YLF) lasers. The transitions mechanism combined dual upper energy levels of
$^{3}\text{P}_{1}$
and
$^{1}\text{I}_{6}$
with Stark sub-levels of
$^{3}\text{H}_{6}$
and
$^{3}\text{F}_{2}$
was designated. The CW lasers achieve output power greater than watt levels at room temperature, with 2.36 W at 609 nm, 1.85 W at 618 nm, in the
$\sigma $
-polarized direction and 1.93 W at 613 nm, 1.40 W at 618 nm, in the
$\pi $
-polarized direction.