Optimal Sizing and Siting of Battery Energy Storage Systems with Retired Battery

Battery energy storage system (BESS) can improve reliability with a reduced load of loss and reduce the uncertainty of photovoltaic (PV) to maintain a stable operating system in the power grid. BESS optimization refers to the sizing and siting of BESS, which is becoming more popular among consumers of cost-effectiveness, energy reduction, and demand cost. However, the use of retired batteries as BESS is a new challenge. Apart from solving the problem of battery disposal, it is also still used for providing service BESS, especially in terms of cost. Therefore, this study aims to deal with optimal sizing and siting BESS on a large power grid with retired battery or second-life battery to analyze energy shifting in reducing loss of load and PV peak shaving in the IEEE RTS-24 case study uses mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. As a result, in the optimal BESS, retired batteries are placed on buses 6, 7, and 8, with a total capacity of 55.3 MW and 124.78 MWh. As a result, the optimal BESS can improve reliability by reducing PV curtailment costs by 66% and loss of load from cases without BESS. Moreover, BESS optimal can reduce cost BESS by 13.63% and total operation cost by 0.4% lower than case BESS without optimal.