Smart charging analysis for a service provider in mini parking lots by considering the V2V protocol

Smart charging of electric vehicles in the presence of renewable energy sources is a promising method that has recently received considerable attention. Therefore, various charging algorithms with specific objective functions have been proposed for different applications. In this paper, the smart charging prediction algorithm considering the vehicle to vehicle (V2V) protocol for a service provider in mini parking lots such as a restaurant, fast-food, or coffee shop is presented. In this regard, different scenarios are examined from the point of view of the parking owner, assuming two electricity prices. In addition, the impact of the applied scenarios on battery health is briefly discussed. Finally, it is concluded that the best scenario depends on the details of each case study. In other words, it is not possible to determine a definite scenario for smart charging. Therefore, the owner of the parking lot and the drivers will make the final decision optionally with full awareness.

I. Introduction

These days, thanks to extensive training and advertising, the challenges of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) have become apparent to everyone. In fact, conventional vehicles with obvious disadvantages such as limited fossil fuel resources, environmental and noise pollution, and low efficiency, have been replaced by a new generation of vehicles with electric propulsion. Looking at the worldwide car sales and the offered products, the growing growth of electric vehicles, especially plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), is understandable. However, it must be acknowledged that the generation transition in products like automobiles requires significant study, investments, and planning. Although this procedure has advanced to a large extent in the automotive production sector, research about the effects of a dramatic increase in the number of cars on the system is a fascinating topic at the moment [1].