Abstract:
Power module heat dissipation with spatial inhomogeneity and induced nonuniform temperature distribution presents a challenging concern for system reliability due to ther...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Power module heat dissipation with spatial inhomogeneity and induced nonuniform temperature distribution presents a challenging concern for system reliability due to thermo-mechanical stresses. These reliability challenges are especially important for nonplanar designs using 3-D packaging principles. Here, we develop a heat spreader thermal switch capable of actively reducing temperature gradients between silicon carbide (SiC) devices in a three-level T-type power converter, which can change depending on electronic operating conditions. The heat spreader thermal switch consists of a stainless-steel (SS) heat spreader and a copper sliding switch embedded within the spreader. Heat transfer from the SiC devices and within the spreader can be controlled by moving the slider between positions within the spreader. To understand heat transfer mechanisms and design the heat spreader thermal switch, we conducted 3-D finite element method simulations to calculate the minimum attainable temperature difference between SiC devices. We used the finite element simulation to quantify the reduction in junction temperature swing during dynamic operation and coupled the results to the Coffin–Manson reliability model to quantify lifetime to failure. We integrated the heat spreader thermal switch with one phase of a three-phase T-type converter and demonstrated isothermalization at different working conditions. At 2.4-kW converter power, each hot SiC device dissipated 4.7 W of heat, resulting in a device case temperature of 43 °C, with each cold SiC device dissipating 1.7 W at 38 °C. The device-to-device temperature difference was decreased from 5 °C to 0 °C by moving the switch a distance of 20 mm. Finite volume method (FVM) simulations of the conjugate heat transfer problem validate the experimental results and support analysis of key performance parameters. This work demonstrates successful isothermalization of a power converter with an active heat spreader thermal switch and develop...
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology ( Volume: 12, Issue: 7, July 2022)
Funding Agency:
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Tianyu Yang received the B.S. degree in engineering mechanics and aerospace engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2016, and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, in 2021.
Her research interests are thermal management techniques to control temperature uniformity and cooling capacity...Show More
Tianyu Yang received the B.S. degree in engineering mechanics and aerospace engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2016, and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, in 2021.
Her research interests are thermal management techniques to control temperature uniformity and cooling capacity...View more
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Fei Diao (Graduate Student Member, IEEE) received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in electrical engineering from Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
In 2020 and 2021, he was a Summer Intern with Eaton Corporation, Menomonee Fal...Show More
Fei Diao (Graduate Student Member, IEEE) received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in electrical engineering from Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
In 2020 and 2021, he was a Summer Intern with Eaton Corporation, Menomonee Fal...View more
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
H. Alan Mantooth (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. degrees from the University of Arkansas (UA), Fayetteville, AR, USA, in 1985 and 1986, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), Atlanta, GA, USA, in 1990.
He then joined Analogy, a startup company in Oregon, where he focused on semiconductor device modeling and research and development of modeling tools and...Show More
H. Alan Mantooth (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. degrees from the University of Arkansas (UA), Fayetteville, AR, USA, in 1985 and 1986, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), Atlanta, GA, USA, in 1990.
He then joined Analogy, a startup company in Oregon, where he focused on semiconductor device modeling and research and development of modeling tools and...View more
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Yue Zhao (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, China, in 2010, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA, in 2014.
He was an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA, ...Show More
Yue Zhao (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, China, in 2010, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA, in 2014.
He was an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA, ...View more
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Materials Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Study, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
William P. King (Fellow, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, in 2002.
He has completed the Program for Leadership Development at the Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA. He is currently the Ralph A. Andersen Endowed Chair of the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, where he also holds courtesy appointment...Show More
William P. King (Fellow, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, in 2002.
He has completed the Program for Leadership Development at the Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA. He is currently the Ralph A. Andersen Endowed Chair of the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, where he also holds courtesy appointment...View more
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, the Materials Research Laboratory, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana--Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Nenad Miljkovic (Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, in 2009, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 2011 and 2013, respectively.
He is currently an Associate Professor of mechanical science and engineering with the University of Illinois at Urbana–C...Show More
Nenad Miljkovic (Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, in 2009, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 2011 and 2013, respectively.
He is currently an Associate Professor of mechanical science and engineering with the University of Illinois at Urbana–C...View more
Contents Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Tianyu Yang received the B.S. degree in engineering mechanics and aerospace engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2016, and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, in 2021.
Her research interests are thermal management techniques to control temperature uniformity and cooling capacity by applying thermal switches and phase change materials.
Tianyu Yang received the B.S. degree in engineering mechanics and aerospace engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2016, and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, in 2021.
Her research interests are thermal management techniques to control temperature uniformity and cooling capacity by applying thermal switches and phase change materials.View more
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Fei Diao (Graduate Student Member, IEEE) received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in electrical engineering from Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
In 2020 and 2021, he was a Summer Intern with Eaton Corporation, Menomonee Falls, WI, USA. He currently works with John Deere, Cary, NC, USA. His main research interests include modulation and control of power converters, and wide bandgap (WBG) power device applications.
Fei Diao (Graduate Student Member, IEEE) received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in electrical engineering from Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
In 2020 and 2021, he was a Summer Intern with Eaton Corporation, Menomonee Falls, WI, USA. He currently works with John Deere, Cary, NC, USA. His main research interests include modulation and control of power converters, and wide bandgap (WBG) power device applications.View more
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
H. Alan Mantooth (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. degrees from the University of Arkansas (UA), Fayetteville, AR, USA, in 1985 and 1986, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), Atlanta, GA, USA, in 1990.
He then joined Analogy, a startup company in Oregon, where he focused on semiconductor device modeling and research and development of modeling tools and techniques. In 1998, he joined the Department of Electrical Engineering, UA, where he currently holds the rank of a Distinguished Professor. His current research interests include analog and mixed-signal IC design and CAD, semiconductor device modeling, power electronics, power electronics packaging, and cybersecurity. He helped to establish the National Center for Reliable Electric Power Transmission (NCREPT), UA, in 2005. He serves as the Executive Director of NCREPT as well as two of its centers of excellence: the NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center on GRid-connected Advanced Power Electronic Systems (GRAPES) and the Cybersecurity Center on Secure, Evolvable Energy Delivery Systems (SEEDS) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. In 2015, he also helped to establish the UA’s first NSF Engineering Research Center entitled Power Optimization for Electro-Thermal Systems (POETS) that focuses on high power density systems for electrified transportation applications. He has co-founded three companies in design automation (Lynguent), Fayetteville; IC design (Ozark Integrated Circuits), Fayetteville; and cybersecurity (Bastazo), Fayetteville; as well as advising a fourth in power electronics packaging (Arkansas Power Electronics International), Fayetteville; to maturity and acquisition as a Board Member.
Dr. Mantooth is a member of Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Eta Kappa Nu; and a Registered Professional Engineer in Arkansas. He holds the 21st Century Research Leadership Chair in Engineering. He serves as the Senior Past-President for the IEEE Power Electronics Society and the Editor-in-Chief for the IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics.
H. Alan Mantooth (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. degrees from the University of Arkansas (UA), Fayetteville, AR, USA, in 1985 and 1986, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), Atlanta, GA, USA, in 1990.
He then joined Analogy, a startup company in Oregon, where he focused on semiconductor device modeling and research and development of modeling tools and techniques. In 1998, he joined the Department of Electrical Engineering, UA, where he currently holds the rank of a Distinguished Professor. His current research interests include analog and mixed-signal IC design and CAD, semiconductor device modeling, power electronics, power electronics packaging, and cybersecurity. He helped to establish the National Center for Reliable Electric Power Transmission (NCREPT), UA, in 2005. He serves as the Executive Director of NCREPT as well as two of its centers of excellence: the NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center on GRid-connected Advanced Power Electronic Systems (GRAPES) and the Cybersecurity Center on Secure, Evolvable Energy Delivery Systems (SEEDS) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. In 2015, he also helped to establish the UA’s first NSF Engineering Research Center entitled Power Optimization for Electro-Thermal Systems (POETS) that focuses on high power density systems for electrified transportation applications. He has co-founded three companies in design automation (Lynguent), Fayetteville; IC design (Ozark Integrated Circuits), Fayetteville; and cybersecurity (Bastazo), Fayetteville; as well as advising a fourth in power electronics packaging (Arkansas Power Electronics International), Fayetteville; to maturity and acquisition as a Board Member.
Dr. Mantooth is a member of Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Eta Kappa Nu; and a Registered Professional Engineer in Arkansas. He holds the 21st Century Research Leadership Chair in Engineering. He serves as the Senior Past-President for the IEEE Power Electronics Society and the Editor-in-Chief for the IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics.View more
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Yue Zhao (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, China, in 2010, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA, in 2014.
He was an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA, from 2014 to 2015. Since August 2015, he has been with the University of Arkansas (UA), Fayetteville, AR, USA, where he is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering. He also serves as the Site Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Center on GRid-connected Advanced Power Electronic Systems (GRAPES). He has four U.S. patents granted and coauthored more than 100 papers in refereed journals and international conference proceedings. His current research interests include electric machines and drives, power electronics, and renewable energy systems.
Dr. Zhao was a recipient of the 2018 NSF CAREER Award, the 2020 IEEE Industry Applications Society Andrew W. Smith Outstanding Young Member Achievement Award, and the 2020 UA College of Engineering Dean’s Award of Excellence. He is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications and IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics.
Yue Zhao (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, China, in 2010, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA, in 2014.
He was an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA, from 2014 to 2015. Since August 2015, he has been with the University of Arkansas (UA), Fayetteville, AR, USA, where he is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering. He also serves as the Site Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Center on GRid-connected Advanced Power Electronic Systems (GRAPES). He has four U.S. patents granted and coauthored more than 100 papers in refereed journals and international conference proceedings. His current research interests include electric machines and drives, power electronics, and renewable energy systems.
Dr. Zhao was a recipient of the 2018 NSF CAREER Award, the 2020 IEEE Industry Applications Society Andrew W. Smith Outstanding Young Member Achievement Award, and the 2020 UA College of Engineering Dean’s Award of Excellence. He is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications and IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics.View more
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Materials Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Study, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
William P. King (Fellow, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, in 2002.
He has completed the Program for Leadership Development at the Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA. He is currently the Ralph A. Andersen Endowed Chair of the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, where he also holds courtesy appointments at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He was the founding Chief Technology Officer of the Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation Institute (DMDII), UI LABS, Chicago, IL, USA. DMDII is one of the first institutes in the U.S. National Network for Manufacturing Innovation. His research focuses on advanced manufacturing, nanotechnology, heat transfer, and advanced materials.
Dr. King is a fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), American Physical Society (APS), and Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME). He was a winner of multiple awards, including the ASME Gustus-Larson Award for accomplishment in mechanical engineering.
William P. King (Fellow, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, in 2002.
He has completed the Program for Leadership Development at the Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA. He is currently the Ralph A. Andersen Endowed Chair of the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, where he also holds courtesy appointments at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He was the founding Chief Technology Officer of the Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation Institute (DMDII), UI LABS, Chicago, IL, USA. DMDII is one of the first institutes in the U.S. National Network for Manufacturing Innovation. His research focuses on advanced manufacturing, nanotechnology, heat transfer, and advanced materials.
Dr. King is a fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), American Physical Society (APS), and Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME). He was a winner of multiple awards, including the ASME Gustus-Larson Award for accomplishment in mechanical engineering.View more
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, the Materials Research Laboratory, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana--Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Nenad Miljkovic (Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, in 2009, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 2011 and 2013, respectively.
He is currently an Associate Professor of mechanical science and engineering with the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, where he leads the Energy Transport Research Laboratory and co-directs the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center. He has courtesy appointments at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. His group’s research intersects the multidisciplinary fields of thermo-fluid science, interfacial phenomena, and renewable energy.
Dr. Miljkovic is a fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He was a recipient of the National Science Foundation CAREER Award, the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund Doctoral New Investigator Award, the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, the ASME Pi Tau Sigma Gold Medal, and the Bergles-Rohsenow Young Investigator Awards.
Nenad Miljkovic (Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, in 2009, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 2011 and 2013, respectively.
He is currently an Associate Professor of mechanical science and engineering with the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, where he leads the Energy Transport Research Laboratory and co-directs the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center. He has courtesy appointments at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. His group’s research intersects the multidisciplinary fields of thermo-fluid science, interfacial phenomena, and renewable energy.
Dr. Miljkovic is a fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He was a recipient of the National Science Foundation CAREER Award, the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund Doctoral New Investigator Award, the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, the ASME Pi Tau Sigma Gold Medal, and the Bergles-Rohsenow Young Investigator Awards.View more