Automatic Load-Frequency Control Using PID Controller in an Isolated Single Area and Two-Area Hydro Power System

Frequency and tie-line power fluctuate when rapid changes in load occur in a large-scale interconnected power system. Significant fluctuations in frequency will disrupt power distribution to the distribution area and cause a blackout. As a result, a proper control method, namely load frequency control, is necessary to govern the variation in the desired manner. A controller can bring the frequencies of each area and the tie-line power very nearer to set point values effectively after the load changes are designed in this article. The control goals for this research are to normalize the model reduce the overshoot and the settling time using a PID controller. Simulink, a MATLAB-based graphical programming environment for modeling, is used to test the behavior of the intended controller. The results reveal that the controller delivers quick responses, minor peak overshoots, and a short state transfer time to achieve the ultimate steady-state.