Cryogenic CMOS for Qubit Control and Readout

Quantum computers have been heralded as a novel paradigm for the solution of today's intractable problems, whereas the core principles of quantum computation are superposition, entanglement and interference, three fundamental properties of quantum mechanics [1]. A quantum computer generally comprises a quantum processor, made of an array of quantum bits or qubits, and a classical controller, which is used to control and read out the qubits. Quantum algorithms are generally mapped onto a circuit of quantum gates that operate on multiple qubits. Unlike conventional digital bits, qubits can take a coherent state ranging from |0〉 to |1〉 on a continuous sphere, known as the Bloch Sphere and they are implemented based on several mechanisms. While many solid-state implementations of qubits exist, an exhaustive description of available technologies is beyond the scope of this paper [2] [3].