Abstract:
With the continuous development of information technology, data centers (DCs) consume significant and ever-growing amounts of electrical energy. Renewable energy sources ...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
With the continuous development of information technology, data centers (DCs) consume significant and ever-growing amounts of electrical energy. Renewable energy sources (RESs) can act as clean solutions to meet this requirement without polluting the environment. Each DC serves numerous users for their data service demands, which are regarded as flexible loads. In this paper, the willingness to pay and time sensitivities of DC users are firstly explored, and the user-side demand response is then devised to improve the overall benefits of DC operation. Then, a Stackelberg game between a DC and its users is proposed. The upper-level model aims to maximize the profit of the DC, in which the time-varying pricing of data services is optimized, and the lower-level model addresses user's optimal decisions for using data services while balancing their time and cost requirements. The original bi-level optimization problem is then transformed into a single-level problem using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions and strong duality theory, which enables the problem to be solved efficiently. Finally, case studies are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, as well as the effects of the time-varying data service price mechanism on the RES accommodation.
Published in: Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy ( Volume: 11, Issue: 1, January 2023)
Funding Agency:
School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Chenwei Jiang received the B.Eng. degree in electrical engineering and automation from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2019. He is currently pursuing the master's degree with the School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His research interests include demand response, multi-energy system optimization, and renewable energy integration.
Chenwei Jiang received the B.Eng. degree in electrical engineering and automation from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2019. He is currently pursuing the master's degree with the School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His research interests include demand response, multi-energy system optimization, and renewable energy integration.View more
UNSW Business School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Chung-Li Tseng received the Ph.D. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from the University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, USA, in 1996. He is currently an Associate Professor of Operations Management at the Business School of The University of New South Wales (UN-SW), Sydney, Australia. Prior to joining UNSW, he was on the faculty of the University of Maryland, College Park, USA, and the University ...Show More
Chung-Li Tseng received the Ph.D. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from the University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, USA, in 1996. He is currently an Associate Professor of Operations Management at the Business School of The University of New South Wales (UN-SW), Sydney, Australia. Prior to joining UNSW, he was on the faculty of the University of Maryland, College Park, USA, and the University ...View more
School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
Yizheng Wang received the B. E. degree in from Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, in 2018, and the M.E. degree from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, both in electrical engineering. He is currently working in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research interests include multi-energy system optimization and energy management.
Yizheng Wang received the B. E. degree in from Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, in 2018, and the M.E. degree from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, both in electrical engineering. He is currently working in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research interests include multi-energy system optimization and energy management.View more
Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
Zhou Lan is a Senior Engineer in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research areas include power system planning, power system stability analysis, and characteristic analysis of renewable energy generation.
Zhou Lan is a Senior Engineer in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research areas include power system planning, power system stability analysis, and characteristic analysis of renewable energy generation.View more
Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Fushuan Wen received the B.E. and M.E. degrees from Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 1985 and 1988, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 1991, all in electrical engineering. He joined the faculty of Zhejiang University in 1991, and has been a Full Professor in electrical engineering since 1997. He is also a part-time Distinguished Professor in electrical engineering under ...Show More
Fushuan Wen received the B.E. and M.E. degrees from Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 1985 and 1988, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 1991, all in electrical engineering. He joined the faculty of Zhejiang University in 1991, and has been a Full Professor in electrical engineering since 1997. He is also a part-time Distinguished Professor in electrical engineering under ...View more
Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
Fei Chen is a Professorate Senior Engineer in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research areas include power grid planning and design.
Fei Chen is a Professorate Senior Engineer in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research areas include power grid planning and design.View more
Jiaxing Power Supply Company, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, China
Liang Liang is a Senior Engineer in the State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Corporation Jiaxing Power Supply Company, Jiaxing, China. His research areas include power system planning and construction.
Liang Liang is a Senior Engineer in the State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Corporation Jiaxing Power Supply Company, Jiaxing, China. His research areas include power system planning and construction.View more
Contents School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Chenwei Jiang received the B.Eng. degree in electrical engineering and automation from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2019. He is currently pursuing the master's degree with the School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His research interests include demand response, multi-energy system optimization, and renewable energy integration.
Chenwei Jiang received the B.Eng. degree in electrical engineering and automation from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2019. He is currently pursuing the master's degree with the School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His research interests include demand response, multi-energy system optimization, and renewable energy integration.View more
UNSW Business School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Chung-Li Tseng received the Ph.D. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from the University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, USA, in 1996. He is currently an Associate Professor of Operations Management at the Business School of The University of New South Wales (UN-SW), Sydney, Australia. Prior to joining UNSW, he was on the faculty of the University of Maryland, College Park, USA, and the University of Missouri, Rolla, USA. He has edited or co-edited several special issues of peer-reviewed journals. His published work has appeared in Operations Research, The Energy Journal, Energy Economics, European Journal of Operational Research, Construction Management and Economics, and other journals. He is a member of The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) and The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and a senior member of IEEE. He is a past President of the Section on Energy, Natural Resources, and the Environment (ENRE) of the INFORMS. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering, and has served on the Editorial Board of ASCE Journal of Infrastructure Systems, International Journal of Electronic Business Management, and International Journal of Business Analytics. His research interests include operation management, sustainability, financial engineering, and project management.
Chung-Li Tseng received the Ph.D. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from the University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, USA, in 1996. He is currently an Associate Professor of Operations Management at the Business School of The University of New South Wales (UN-SW), Sydney, Australia. Prior to joining UNSW, he was on the faculty of the University of Maryland, College Park, USA, and the University of Missouri, Rolla, USA. He has edited or co-edited several special issues of peer-reviewed journals. His published work has appeared in Operations Research, The Energy Journal, Energy Economics, European Journal of Operational Research, Construction Management and Economics, and other journals. He is a member of The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) and The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and a senior member of IEEE. He is a past President of the Section on Energy, Natural Resources, and the Environment (ENRE) of the INFORMS. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering, and has served on the Editorial Board of ASCE Journal of Infrastructure Systems, International Journal of Electronic Business Management, and International Journal of Business Analytics. His research interests include operation management, sustainability, financial engineering, and project management.View more
School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
Yizheng Wang received the B. E. degree in from Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, in 2018, and the M.E. degree from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, both in electrical engineering. He is currently working in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research interests include multi-energy system optimization and energy management.
Yizheng Wang received the B. E. degree in from Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, in 2018, and the M.E. degree from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, both in electrical engineering. He is currently working in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research interests include multi-energy system optimization and energy management.View more
Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
Zhou Lan is a Senior Engineer in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research areas include power system planning, power system stability analysis, and characteristic analysis of renewable energy generation.
Zhou Lan is a Senior Engineer in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research areas include power system planning, power system stability analysis, and characteristic analysis of renewable energy generation.View more
Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Fushuan Wen received the B.E. and M.E. degrees from Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 1985 and 1988, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 1991, all in electrical engineering. He joined the faculty of Zhejiang University in 1991, and has been a Full Professor in electrical engineering since 1997. He is also a part-time Distinguished Professor in electrical engineering under Yusheng Xue Education Foundation in Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China. He had been a University Distinguished Professor in electrical engineering, the Deputy Dean of the School of Electrical Engineering, and the Director of the Institute of Power Economics and Electricity Markets in South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, from 2005 to 2009. He is a Professor in electrical engineering with the Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Energy Conversion and Economics (IET, Wiley), and a Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Automation of Electric Power Systems. He also serves as the Editor, Subject Editor, and Associate Editor of a few international journals. His research interests include power industry restructuring, power system alarm processing, fault diagnosis and restoration strategies, as well as smart grids and electric vehicles.
Fushuan Wen received the B.E. and M.E. degrees from Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 1985 and 1988, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 1991, all in electrical engineering. He joined the faculty of Zhejiang University in 1991, and has been a Full Professor in electrical engineering since 1997. He is also a part-time Distinguished Professor in electrical engineering under Yusheng Xue Education Foundation in Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China. He had been a University Distinguished Professor in electrical engineering, the Deputy Dean of the School of Electrical Engineering, and the Director of the Institute of Power Economics and Electricity Markets in South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, from 2005 to 2009. He is a Professor in electrical engineering with the Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Energy Conversion and Economics (IET, Wiley), and a Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Automation of Electric Power Systems. He also serves as the Editor, Subject Editor, and Associate Editor of a few international journals. His research interests include power industry restructuring, power system alarm processing, fault diagnosis and restoration strategies, as well as smart grids and electric vehicles.View more
Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
Fei Chen is a Professorate Senior Engineer in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research areas include power grid planning and design.
Fei Chen is a Professorate Senior Engineer in the Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. His research areas include power grid planning and design.View more
Jiaxing Power Supply Company, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, China
Liang Liang is a Senior Engineer in the State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Corporation Jiaxing Power Supply Company, Jiaxing, China. His research areas include power system planning and construction.
Liang Liang is a Senior Engineer in the State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Corporation Jiaxing Power Supply Company, Jiaxing, China. His research areas include power system planning and construction.View more