Communication in Challenging Environments: Application of LEO/MEO Satellite Constellation to Emerging Aviation Networks

The next generation of aviation will operate in a data-driven environment. Aviation's destiny is now coupled with the Internet of Things (IoT)- wherein devices and autonomous systems have an inherent need for continuous network connectivity. For next generation technology to reach its full potential, a network connection should be available anywhere, anytime. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs or drones) are increasing in number and large companies are designing drone delivery systems. A next generation Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) will require a more flexible network that can deliver data in non-traditional environments. However, looking beyond UAS flight operations, the aviation industry at large needs to consider integrating new services into the Air Navigation Service Provider's (ANSP's) enterprise communications architectures-both to get low-cost communication to remote areas for UAS operations and as a cost-effective last mile alternative for high-availability, low latency services.These developments will require a communication network that is scalable to the needs of the future. Low and Medium Earth Orbit (LEO/MEO) satellite constellations can address the challenges of a rapidly evolving future by being able to provide communications beyond the existing commercial and public infrastructure, to include a global broadband, low-latency footprint. Remote regions typically require costly site-specific infrastructure solutions to provide last-mile connectivity. By utilizing lower orbits, the constellation can provide high data rates and low latency on the links by bringing the edge of broadcasting closer to the Earth versus a Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO). The telecommunications industry is at a crossroads for determining the network design for tomorrow's aviation requirements. The introduction of UAVs into the National Airspace System (NAS) will present the challenge of locating and surveilling these small and elusive aircraft. The time is now to build a new infrastructure; a Satellite Communication (SatCom) network, that achieves rapid global broadband coverage, versus localized terrestrial networks.