Sizing of renewable energy and storage resources in railway substations according to load shaving level

This paper presents an optimum renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage system (ESS) sizing for multiple railway substations. The sizing is formulated as multi-objective optimization problem which aims to optimize three objective functions: load shaving, RES and ESS capacities. Load shaving level of substation is defined as the percentage of power consumption reduction compared to maximum peak power demand. The formulated problem is solved using memetic algorithm for several load shaving levels in five railway substations in France. Results showed that 50% load shaving can be achieved with an affordable installation while high resource capacities are required for islanding.