H-V2X Mode 4 Adaptive Semipersistent Scheduling Control for Cooperative Internet of Vehicles

Due to the rapidly growing number of autonomous vehicles, establishing an intelligent transportation system (ITS) supported by the Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) technology is important. The need for IoV technology is emphasized even more because recent accidents relating to autonomous vehicles show that there are limitations in the reliability of autonomous vehicles only using vehicle onboard sensors. In addition, a highly reliable support system for many vehicular applications is in strong demand, which is why there is a need for advanced vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology. The two major types of V2X technology are dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and cellular-V2X (C-V2X). Many vehicles are already equipped with DSRC; however, the use of C-V2X is highly supported by many mobile communication companies and the 5GAA, which is why C-V2X is expected to be very widely used. In this article, a hybrid V2X (H-V2X) scheme is proposed, which adaptively controls C-V2X to satisfy the key-performance indicator (KPI) requirements as much as possible, and uses DSRC transmission when the C-V2X required performance cannot be reliably supported. The performance analysis graphs show that the gain in performance of the proposed H-V2X scheme can provide an improved performance compared to other V2X schemes, which makes it more suitable to support reliable autonomous vehicles.