Network-Constrained Transactive Coordination for Plug-In Electric Vehicles Participation in Real-Time Retail Electricity Markets

Uncoordinated adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) imposes further load on the distribution network, and therefore may result in disruptive impacts on the grid. Transactive coordination of PEVs has been introduced as an effective approach to mitigate these negative consequences. This paper furthers efforts enabling PEVs to participate in a real-time retail electricity market under a transactive energy (TE) paradigm. In this regard, PEV owners will estimate their willingness to pay/accept using a user-friendly strategy and submit the estimated values to the retail market operator. Then using a network-constrained market clearing mechanism, the clearing prices, i.e., dual variables of active power balance constraints, will be calculated. Finally, these calculated clearing prices will be sent to whole PEVs and their actions have been determined. The proposed model is applied to the modified IEEE 33-bus test system combined with several low voltage feeders, and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model from viewpoints of PEV owners and utility.