Shadowing and Multipath-Fading Statistics at 2.4 GHz and 39 GHz in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Scenarios

In this paper, we introduce a comparative study of the propagation for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) scenarios at millimeterwave (mmWave) and sub-6GHz bands based on measurements. More specifically, the respective center frequencies are 39GHz and 2.4GHz, whereas the bandwidth 25MHz, being the signal acquisition simultaneous for both bands. Two vehicles, each carrying a transmitter (Tx) and a receiver (Rx), respectively, were driven in the seaside roads in Zhujiajian Island, Zhoushan, China, in four typical vehicle scenarios and in different driving modes (U-turns, etc.). Time-variant observations were segmented into multiple fragments, each with wide-sense-stationarity fulfilled, and narrowband channel characteristics, including shadowing, multipath fading, and spatial coherence behaviors were investigated. The results obtained demonstrate that most shadowing and fast-fading segments appear to be truncated Gaussian distributions for most vehicle driving modes and propagation scenarios considered. Moreover, the best-fit distribution for both shadow and multipath fadings is less changing (and hence more predictable) for the 39GHz band than for the 2.4GHz one. In most scenarios, the spatial consistency of the 2.4 GHz channel can be maintained for longer distances than at 39GHz. These results are of great value for the establishment of models aimed for channel simulations in vehicular scenarios for sub-6GHz and mmWave communications.