Abstract:
The trajectory of technological progress is ultimately guided by constraints at the physical level. In building a better device or system, we are bound 1) by the properti...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
The trajectory of technological progress is ultimately guided by constraints at the physical level. In building a better device or system, we are bound 1) by the properties of the materials available to us and 2) by our understanding of physical phenomena. The physical laws of the universe, immutable as they are, lead us naturally to question whether we may be able to “engineer” raw materials to better allow us to achieve, control, and manipulate natural phenomena for useful purposes. In order to do this, we must first define what we mean by the term “material.” The perception that a material must appear homogeneous to the naked eye (i.e., “a uniform goop, with no discontinuous bits and pieces” [1]), natural though it may be, is flawed: surely, all materials may be considered heterogeneous on some level of scale, but more importantly, this perspective is tied specifically to the electromagnetic response of these materials to wavelengths of light that are visible to the human eye. For example, although a diamond displays familiar macroscopic properties such as color, luster, and dispersion when viewed under visible light, illumination using X-rays results in a diffraction pattern that reveals its crystalline structure. Thus, the macroscopic properties of a material, e.g. polarizabilities, permittivity, permeability, refractive index, intrinsic bulk or surface impedance, and so on, are revealed only under illumination by wavelengths of light much longer than the size of its scatterers (i.e., its atoms and molecules) and their spacing (e.g., the lattice constants of a crystal). Therefore, it would seem that engineering such macroscopic properties of materials would require control of scattering at length scales of fractions—say several hundredths or even just tenths—of a wavelength, a prohibitive task if dealing in the nanometers or Angstroms. Fortunately, the reach of the electromagnetic spectrum permits us to examine the long-wavelength condition at frequencies where...
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation ( Volume: 68, Issue: 3, March 2020)
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Ashwin K. Iyer (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc., M.A.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, in 2001, 2003, and 2009, respectively, with a focus on the discovery and development of the negative-refractive-index transmission-line approach to metamaterial design and the realization of metamaterial lenses for free-space microwave subdiffraction imaging.
H...Show More
Ashwin K. Iyer (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc., M.A.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, in 2001, 2003, and 2009, respectively, with a focus on the discovery and development of the negative-refractive-index transmission-line approach to metamaterial design and the realization of metamaterial lenses for free-space microwave subdiffraction imaging.
H...View more
Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advance Science Research Center, New York, USA
Andrea Alù (Fellow, IEEE) received the Laurea, M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Rome Tre, Rome, Italy, in 2001, 2003, and 2007, respectively.
He is the Founding Director of the Photonics Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) with Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA. He is also the Einstein Professor of physics with the CUNY Graduate Center, a Professor of...Show More
Andrea Alù (Fellow, IEEE) received the Laurea, M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Rome Tre, Rome, Italy, in 2001, 2003, and 2007, respectively.
He is the Founding Director of the Photonics Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) with Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA. He is also the Einstein Professor of physics with the CUNY Graduate Center, a Professor of...View more
Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Ariel Epstein (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A. degree in computer science from the Open University of Israel, Ra’anana, Israel, in 2000, and the B.A. degree in physics and the B.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, in 2003 and 2013, respectively.
From 2013 to 2016, he was a Lyon Sachs Post-Doctoral Fellow with the Department of Electrical an...Show More
Ariel Epstein (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A. degree in computer science from the Open University of Israel, Ra’anana, Israel, in 2000, and the B.A. degree in physics and the B.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, in 2003 and 2013, respectively.
From 2013 to 2016, he was a Lyon Sachs Post-Doctoral Fellow with the Department of Electrical an...View more
Contents Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Ashwin K. Iyer (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc., M.A.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, in 2001, 2003, and 2009, respectively, with a focus on the discovery and development of the negative-refractive-index transmission-line approach to metamaterial design and the realization of metamaterial lenses for free-space microwave subdiffraction imaging.
He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, where he leads a team of graduate students investigating novel RF/microwave circuits and techniques, fundamental electromagnetic theory, antennas, and engineered metamaterials, with an emphasis on their applications to microwave and optical devices, defense technologies, and biomedicine. He has coauthored a number of highly cited articles and book chapters on metamaterials.
Dr. Iyer is a member of the IEEE AP-S Education Committee and a Registered Member of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta. He was a recipient of the IEEE AP-S R. W. P. King Award in 2008, the IEEE AP-S Donald G. Dudley Jr. Undergraduate Teaching Award in 2015, the University of Alberta Provost’s Award for Early Achievement of Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching in 2014, and the University of Alberta Rutherford Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching in 2018. His students are the recipients of several major national and international awards for their research. He serves as the Co-Chair for the IEEE Northern Canada Section’s award-winning Joint Chapter of the AP-S and MTT-S societies and a Technical Program Committee Co-Chair for the 2020 AP-S/URSI International Symposium. From 2012 to 2018, he was an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation and currently serves as a Track Editor.
Ashwin K. Iyer (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc., M.A.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, in 2001, 2003, and 2009, respectively, with a focus on the discovery and development of the negative-refractive-index transmission-line approach to metamaterial design and the realization of metamaterial lenses for free-space microwave subdiffraction imaging.
He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, where he leads a team of graduate students investigating novel RF/microwave circuits and techniques, fundamental electromagnetic theory, antennas, and engineered metamaterials, with an emphasis on their applications to microwave and optical devices, defense technologies, and biomedicine. He has coauthored a number of highly cited articles and book chapters on metamaterials.
Dr. Iyer is a member of the IEEE AP-S Education Committee and a Registered Member of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta. He was a recipient of the IEEE AP-S R. W. P. King Award in 2008, the IEEE AP-S Donald G. Dudley Jr. Undergraduate Teaching Award in 2015, the University of Alberta Provost’s Award for Early Achievement of Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching in 2014, and the University of Alberta Rutherford Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching in 2018. His students are the recipients of several major national and international awards for their research. He serves as the Co-Chair for the IEEE Northern Canada Section’s award-winning Joint Chapter of the AP-S and MTT-S societies and a Technical Program Committee Co-Chair for the 2020 AP-S/URSI International Symposium. From 2012 to 2018, he was an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation and currently serves as a Track Editor.View more
Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advance Science Research Center, New York, USA
Andrea Alù (Fellow, IEEE) received the Laurea, M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Rome Tre, Rome, Italy, in 2001, 2003, and 2007, respectively.
He is the Founding Director of the Photonics Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) with Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA. He is also the Einstein Professor of physics with the CUNY Graduate Center, a Professor of electrical engineering with the City College of New York, New York, an Adjunct Professor and a Senior Research Scientist with the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. From 2002 to 2008, he was periodically working at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn), Philadelphia, PA, USA, where he developed significant parts of his Ph.D. and postgraduate research. After spending one year as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at UPenn, in 2009, he joined the Faculty of the University of Texas at Austin, where he was the Temple Foundation Endowed Professor until 2018. He is the coauthor of an edited book on Optical Antennas, over 500 journal articles and over 35 book chapters. He has been a Highly Cited Researcher from Web of Science since 2017. His current research interests span over metamaterials and plasmonics, electromangetics, optics and nanophotonics, acoustics, scattering, nanocircuits and nanostructures, miniaturized antennas and nanoantennas, and RF antennas and circuits.
Dr. Alù is a full member of URSI and a fellow of NAI, OSA, AAAS, SPIE, and APS. Over the last few years, he has received several research awards, including the IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu Award in 2019, the ICO Prize in Optics 2016, the Edith and Peter O’Donnell Award in Engineering in 2016, the NSF Alan T. Waterman Award in 2015, the IEEE MTT Outstanding Young Engineer Award in 2014, the OSA Adolph Lomb Medal in 2013, and the URSI Issac Koga Gold Medal in 2011. He was the Technical Program Chair for the IEEE AP-S symposium in 2016, and the program chair, and the general co-chair for several Metamaterials conferences. He is currently an Associate Editor of Applied Physics Letters and serves on the Editorial Board of Physical Review B, Advanced Optical Materials, EPJ Applied Metamaterials, and ISTE Metamaterials. He has guest edited special issues for the IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, the Proceedings of IEEE, the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, the IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Nanophotonics, the Journal of Optics, the Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Photonics and Nanostructures: Fundamentals and Applications, Optics Communications, Metamaterials, and Sensors on a variety of topics involving metamaterials, plasmonics, optics, and electromagnetic theory. He has been a Simons Investigator of physics since 2016. He has been serving as the President of the Metamorphose Virtual Institute for Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Metamaterials, a member of the Administrative Committee for the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, an OSA Traveling Lecturer since 2010, an IEEE AP-S Distinguished Lecturer since 2014, and the IEEE Joint AP-S and MTT-S Chapter for Central Texas.
Andrea Alù (Fellow, IEEE) received the Laurea, M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Rome Tre, Rome, Italy, in 2001, 2003, and 2007, respectively.
He is the Founding Director of the Photonics Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) with Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA. He is also the Einstein Professor of physics with the CUNY Graduate Center, a Professor of electrical engineering with the City College of New York, New York, an Adjunct Professor and a Senior Research Scientist with the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. From 2002 to 2008, he was periodically working at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn), Philadelphia, PA, USA, where he developed significant parts of his Ph.D. and postgraduate research. After spending one year as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at UPenn, in 2009, he joined the Faculty of the University of Texas at Austin, where he was the Temple Foundation Endowed Professor until 2018. He is the coauthor of an edited book on Optical Antennas, over 500 journal articles and over 35 book chapters. He has been a Highly Cited Researcher from Web of Science since 2017. His current research interests span over metamaterials and plasmonics, electromangetics, optics and nanophotonics, acoustics, scattering, nanocircuits and nanostructures, miniaturized antennas and nanoantennas, and RF antennas and circuits.
Dr. Alù is a full member of URSI and a fellow of NAI, OSA, AAAS, SPIE, and APS. Over the last few years, he has received several research awards, including the IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu Award in 2019, the ICO Prize in Optics 2016, the Edith and Peter O’Donnell Award in Engineering in 2016, the NSF Alan T. Waterman Award in 2015, the IEEE MTT Outstanding Young Engineer Award in 2014, the OSA Adolph Lomb Medal in 2013, and the URSI Issac Koga Gold Medal in 2011. He was the Technical Program Chair for the IEEE AP-S symposium in 2016, and the program chair, and the general co-chair for several Metamaterials conferences. He is currently an Associate Editor of Applied Physics Letters and serves on the Editorial Board of Physical Review B, Advanced Optical Materials, EPJ Applied Metamaterials, and ISTE Metamaterials. He has guest edited special issues for the IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, the Proceedings of IEEE, the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, the IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Nanophotonics, the Journal of Optics, the Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Photonics and Nanostructures: Fundamentals and Applications, Optics Communications, Metamaterials, and Sensors on a variety of topics involving metamaterials, plasmonics, optics, and electromagnetic theory. He has been a Simons Investigator of physics since 2016. He has been serving as the President of the Metamorphose Virtual Institute for Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Metamaterials, a member of the Administrative Committee for the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, an OSA Traveling Lecturer since 2010, an IEEE AP-S Distinguished Lecturer since 2014, and the IEEE Joint AP-S and MTT-S Chapter for Central Texas.View more
Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Ariel Epstein (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A. degree in computer science from the Open University of Israel, Ra’anana, Israel, in 2000, and the B.A. degree in physics and the B.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, in 2003 and 2013, respectively.
From 2013 to 2016, he was a Lyon Sachs Post-Doctoral Fellow with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, where he is leading the Modern Electromagnetic Theory and Applications (META) Research Group. His current research interests include utilization of electromagnetic theory, with an emphasis on analytical techniques, for the development of novel metasurface- and metagrating-based antenna and microwave devices, and investigation of new physical effects.
Dr. Epstein was a recipient of the Young Scientist Best Paper Award in the URSI Commission B International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory (EMTS2013), Hiroshima, Japan, in May 2013. Since 2018, he has been serving as an Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.
Ariel Epstein (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A. degree in computer science from the Open University of Israel, Ra’anana, Israel, in 2000, and the B.A. degree in physics and the B.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, in 2003 and 2013, respectively.
From 2013 to 2016, he was a Lyon Sachs Post-Doctoral Fellow with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, where he is leading the Modern Electromagnetic Theory and Applications (META) Research Group. His current research interests include utilization of electromagnetic theory, with an emphasis on analytical techniques, for the development of novel metasurface- and metagrating-based antenna and microwave devices, and investigation of new physical effects.
Dr. Epstein was a recipient of the Young Scientist Best Paper Award in the URSI Commission B International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory (EMTS2013), Hiroshima, Japan, in May 2013. Since 2018, he has been serving as an Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.View more