Abstract:
In this article, we investigate optimal beamforming at a multiantenna primary base station (PBS) and a multiantenna cognitive base station (CBS) for energy-efficient (EE)...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
In this article, we investigate optimal beamforming at a multiantenna primary base station (PBS) and a multiantenna cognitive base station (CBS) for energy-efficient (EE) secure downlink communication in cognitive radio networks with one single-antenna primary user (PU), one single-antenna cognitive user (CU), and multiple single-antenna eavesdropping nodes. An artificial noise transmission scheme is used by CBS to protect the data against the eavesdropping security attacks at the cost of extra power consumption. To improve the secrecy energy efficiency (SEE), we propose a SEE maximization (SEEM) scheme by exploiting the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdroppers under the secrecy rate (SR) constraints of the PBS-PU and CBS-CU channels, the quality-of-service requirement of the PU, and the transmit power constraint of the CBS. When the eavesdropping links' instantaneous CSI are unknown at the legitimate transmitters (i.e., PBS and CBS), we propose another SEEM scheme based on the statistical CSI of the eavesdropping links. Since the formulated optimization problems with fractional objective functions are nonconvex and mathematically intractable, we first transform them into equivalent subtractive problems, and then, employ the difference of two-convex functions approximation method to arrive at approximate convex problems. In addition, new two-tier optimal BF algorithms are proposed. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and performance gains of our proposed SEEM schemes over conventional SR-only maximization and EE-only maximization schemes.
Published in: IEEE Systems Journal ( Volume: 14, Issue: 3, September 2020)
Funding Agency:
College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
Pu Chen received the B.S. degree from the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China, in 2013. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in signal and information processing with the College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China.
He was with the Prof. Naofal Al-Dhahirs Group, University of Texas at Dallas as a Visi...Show More
Pu Chen received the B.S. degree from the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China, in 2013. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in signal and information processing with the College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China.
He was with the Prof. Naofal Al-Dhahirs Group, University of Texas at Dallas as a Visi...View more
Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
Jian Ouyang (Member IEEE) received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China, in 2007, 2010, and 2014, respectively.
From 2015 to 2016, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. He is currently an Associate Professor with the College of Telecommunications and Information...Show More
Jian Ouyang (Member IEEE) received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China, in 2007, 2010, and 2014, respectively.
From 2015 to 2016, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. He is currently an Associate Professor with the College of Telecommunications and Information...View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
Wei-Ping Zhu (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.E. and M.E. degrees from the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China, in 1982 and 1985, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 1991, all in electrical engineering.
He was a Postdoctoral Fellow from 1991 to 1992, and a Research Associate from 1996 to 1998 with the Department of Electrical and Computer E...Show More
Wei-Ping Zhu (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.E. and M.E. degrees from the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China, in 1982 and 1985, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 1991, all in electrical engineering.
He was a Postdoctoral Fellow from 1991 to 1992, and a Research Associate from 1996 to 1998 with the Department of Electrical and Computer E...View more
College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
Min Lin (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from the National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, in 1993, the M.S. degree from the Nanjing Institute of Communication Engineering, Nanjing, China, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree from the Southeast University, Nanjing, in 2008, all in electrical engineering.
He is a Professor with the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China. He has...Show More
Min Lin (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from the National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, in 1993, the M.S. degree from the Nanjing Institute of Communication Engineering, Nanjing, China, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree from the Southeast University, Nanjing, in 2008, all in electrical engineering.
He is a Professor with the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China. He has...View more
Qualcomm Tech. Inc., San Diego, USA
Ahmed El Shafie (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. degree (hons.) in electrical engineering from the Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, in 2009, the M.Sc. degree in communication and information technology from the Nile University, Cairo, Egypt, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA, in 2018.
Since 2018, he has been a Senior Systems Engineer with the Qualcomm...Show More
Ahmed El Shafie (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. degree (hons.) in electrical engineering from the Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, in 2009, the M.Sc. degree in communication and information technology from the Nile University, Cairo, Egypt, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA, in 2018.
Since 2018, he has been a Senior Systems Engineer with the Qualcomm...View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
Naofal Al-Dhahir (Fellow, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
He is an Erik Jonsson Distinguished Professor and ECE Associate Head with the UT-Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA. From 1994 to 2003, he was a Principal Member of the technical staff with the GE Research and AT&T Shannon Laboratory. He is co-inventor of 43 issued US patents and co-author of over 4...Show More
Naofal Al-Dhahir (Fellow, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
He is an Erik Jonsson Distinguished Professor and ECE Associate Head with the UT-Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA. From 1994 to 2003, he was a Principal Member of the technical staff with the GE Research and AT&T Shannon Laboratory. He is co-inventor of 43 issued US patents and co-author of over 4...View more
Contents College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
Pu Chen received the B.S. degree from the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China, in 2013. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in signal and information processing with the College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China.
He was with the Prof. Naofal Al-Dhahirs Group, University of Texas at Dallas as a Visiting Ph.D. Student from 2018 to 2019. His research interests include physical layer security and green communications.
Pu Chen received the B.S. degree from the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China, in 2013. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in signal and information processing with the College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China.
He was with the Prof. Naofal Al-Dhahirs Group, University of Texas at Dallas as a Visiting Ph.D. Student from 2018 to 2019. His research interests include physical layer security and green communications.View more
Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
Jian Ouyang (Member IEEE) received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China, in 2007, 2010, and 2014, respectively.
From 2015 to 2016, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. He is currently an Associate Professor with the College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China. His research interests include UAV communication systems, cooperative and relay communications, physical layer security, and green communications.
Jian Ouyang (Member IEEE) received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China, in 2007, 2010, and 2014, respectively.
From 2015 to 2016, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. He is currently an Associate Professor with the College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China. His research interests include UAV communication systems, cooperative and relay communications, physical layer security, and green communications.View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
Wei-Ping Zhu (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.E. and M.E. degrees from the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China, in 1982 and 1985, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 1991, all in electrical engineering.
He was a Postdoctoral Fellow from 1991 to 1992, and a Research Associate from 1996 to 1998 with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. From 1993 to 1996, he was an Associate Professor with the Department of Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. From 1998 to 2001, he worked with hi-tech companies in Ottawa, Canada, including Nortel Networks and SR Telecom Inc. Since July 2001, he has been with Concordias Electrical and Computer Engineering Department as a full-time Faculty Member, where he is presently a Full Professor. Since 2008, he has been an Adjunct Professor with the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing. His research interests include digital signal processing fundamentals, speech and statistical signal processing, and signal processing for wireless communication, with a particular focus on MIMO systems and cooperative communication.
Dr. Zhu served as an Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Fundamental Theory and Applications from 2001 to 2003, an Associate Editor for Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing from 2006 to 2009, and an Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part II: Transactions Briefs from 2011 to 2015. He was also a Guest Editor for the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications for the special issues of Broadband Wireless Communications for High Speed Vehicles, and Virtual MIMO from 2011 to 2013. Currently, he is an Associate Editor of Journal of The Franklin Institute.
Dr. Zhu was the Secretary of Digital Signal Processing Technical Committee (DSPTC) of the IEEE Circuits and System Society from June 2012 to May 2014, and the Chair of the DSPTC from June 2014 to May 2016.
Wei-Ping Zhu (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.E. and M.E. degrees from the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China, in 1982 and 1985, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 1991, all in electrical engineering.
He was a Postdoctoral Fellow from 1991 to 1992, and a Research Associate from 1996 to 1998 with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. From 1993 to 1996, he was an Associate Professor with the Department of Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. From 1998 to 2001, he worked with hi-tech companies in Ottawa, Canada, including Nortel Networks and SR Telecom Inc. Since July 2001, he has been with Concordias Electrical and Computer Engineering Department as a full-time Faculty Member, where he is presently a Full Professor. Since 2008, he has been an Adjunct Professor with the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing. His research interests include digital signal processing fundamentals, speech and statistical signal processing, and signal processing for wireless communication, with a particular focus on MIMO systems and cooperative communication.
Dr. Zhu served as an Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Fundamental Theory and Applications from 2001 to 2003, an Associate Editor for Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing from 2006 to 2009, and an Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part II: Transactions Briefs from 2011 to 2015. He was also a Guest Editor for the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications for the special issues of Broadband Wireless Communications for High Speed Vehicles, and Virtual MIMO from 2011 to 2013. Currently, he is an Associate Editor of Journal of The Franklin Institute.
Dr. Zhu was the Secretary of Digital Signal Processing Technical Committee (DSPTC) of the IEEE Circuits and System Society from June 2012 to May 2014, and the Chair of the DSPTC from June 2014 to May 2016.View more
College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
Min Lin (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from the National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, in 1993, the M.S. degree from the Nanjing Institute of Communication Engineering, Nanjing, China, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree from the Southeast University, Nanjing, in 2008, all in electrical engineering.
He is a Professor with the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China. He has authored or coauthored over 100 papers. His current research interests include wireless communications and array signal processing.
Dr. Lin has served as the TPC Member of many IEEE-sponsored conferences, including ICC, GLOBECOM, etc.
Min Lin (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from the National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, in 1993, the M.S. degree from the Nanjing Institute of Communication Engineering, Nanjing, China, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree from the Southeast University, Nanjing, in 2008, all in electrical engineering.
He is a Professor with the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China. He has authored or coauthored over 100 papers. His current research interests include wireless communications and array signal processing.
Dr. Lin has served as the TPC Member of many IEEE-sponsored conferences, including ICC, GLOBECOM, etc.View more
Qualcomm Tech. Inc., San Diego, USA
Ahmed El Shafie (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. degree (hons.) in electrical engineering from the Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, in 2009, the M.Sc. degree in communication and information technology from the Nile University, Cairo, Egypt, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA, in 2018.
Since 2018, he has been a Senior Systems Engineer with the Qualcomm Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA.
Dr. El Shafie was a recipient of the David Daniel Best Doctoral Thesis Award, in 2018, and the Jonsson School Industrial Advisory Council Fellowship Award, in 2017. He received the IEEE Transactions on Communications Exemplary Reviewer in 2015, 2016, and 2017. He also received the IEEE Communications Letters Exemplary Reviewer, in 2016. He was also nominated for the 2018 CGS/ProQuest Distinguished Dissertation Award. He currently serves as an Associate Editor for the IEEE Communications Letters and IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. He served as an Associate Editor for Physical Communications and Transactions on Emerging Technologies in Telecommunications. In addition, he served as a Guest Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking.
Ahmed El Shafie (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. degree (hons.) in electrical engineering from the Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, in 2009, the M.Sc. degree in communication and information technology from the Nile University, Cairo, Egypt, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA, in 2018.
Since 2018, he has been a Senior Systems Engineer with the Qualcomm Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA.
Dr. El Shafie was a recipient of the David Daniel Best Doctoral Thesis Award, in 2018, and the Jonsson School Industrial Advisory Council Fellowship Award, in 2017. He received the IEEE Transactions on Communications Exemplary Reviewer in 2015, 2016, and 2017. He also received the IEEE Communications Letters Exemplary Reviewer, in 2016. He was also nominated for the 2018 CGS/ProQuest Distinguished Dissertation Award. He currently serves as an Associate Editor for the IEEE Communications Letters and IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. He served as an Associate Editor for Physical Communications and Transactions on Emerging Technologies in Telecommunications. In addition, he served as a Guest Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking.View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
Naofal Al-Dhahir (Fellow, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
He is an Erik Jonsson Distinguished Professor and ECE Associate Head with the UT-Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA. From 1994 to 2003, he was a Principal Member of the technical staff with the GE Research and AT&T Shannon Laboratory. He is co-inventor of 43 issued US patents and co-author of over 430 papers.
Dr. Al-Dhahir is the co-recipient of four IEEE Best Paper awards. He also received the 2019 IEEE SPCE technical recognition award, and is currently the Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Communications.
Naofal Al-Dhahir (Fellow, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
He is an Erik Jonsson Distinguished Professor and ECE Associate Head with the UT-Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA. From 1994 to 2003, he was a Principal Member of the technical staff with the GE Research and AT&T Shannon Laboratory. He is co-inventor of 43 issued US patents and co-author of over 430 papers.
Dr. Al-Dhahir is the co-recipient of four IEEE Best Paper awards. He also received the 2019 IEEE SPCE technical recognition award, and is currently the Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Communications.View more
