Dosimetry for Ventricular Fibrillation Risk with Short Electrical Pulses: History and Future

Electrical safety limits for unidirectional pulses with short durations are increasingly important due to the proliferation of electric-car and factory energy storage systems with potentially dangerous voltages. Electrocution by a short-duration direct-current pulse is not understood as well as that by alternating current and the data are limited. The primary international guidance comes from IEC 60479-2 section 11. Methods: We have analyzed the dosimetry for short pulse safety limits based on a fuller understanding of the scientific principles involved and human data. Implantable defibrillators have been tested by externally delivering short-duration pulses giving us human data which we analyze for this paper. Results: The present IEC current limit (60479-2:11) for short pulse durations is based on an exponent of -0.68 in the equation I = d^-0.68, (d being pulse width), while the correct exponent should be -1.0 given the constant charge for the VF threshold of short pulses. We also propose a baseline charge value based on the human data. Conclusions: Charge-based VF thresholds give the correct dosimetry for short-duration pulses. Results from this paper should be considered in support of revising the IEC 60479-2 standard section 11.