Abstract:
While many microwave studies related to tree emission have been undertaken, a few have considered the effect of phenological change on the emission from coniferous trees....Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
While many microwave studies related to tree emission have been undertaken, a few have considered the effect of phenological change on the emission from coniferous trees. The permittivity of vegetation tissue is known to be influenced by water content, while the water content and phase is sensitive to temperature in particular at temperatures below freezing. In addition to temperature, canopy-intercepted snow might also modify the tree emission and transmissivity in the microwave range. In this paper, a season-long experiment was designed to quantify the effect of snow accumulation and temperature on the observed microwave transmissivity from tree. A ground-based, upward-pointing multifrequency radiometer was used to monitor the microwave emissivity of a single coniferous tree at a site in Northern Finland. Radiometer measurements were combined with measurements of the canopy-intercepted snow cover and tree skin temperature. This paper presents two important findings. First, the tree transmissivity was strongly correlated with tree skin temperature under subzero temperature conditions, but uncorrelated with skin temperature changes above freezing. Second, although the tree transmissivity was slightly affected by the snow accumulation on the tree canopy, the overall influence on tree emission was statistically insignificant in this paper.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing ( Volume: 57, Issue: 8, August 2019)
Funding Agency:
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Qinghuan Lireceived the M.S. degree in geomatics from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, in 2015, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, Department of Geography and Environmental Management.
His research interests include the snow mapping with passive microwave remote sensing in the forested region.
Qinghuan Lireceived the M.S. degree in geomatics from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, in 2015, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, Department of Geography and Environmental Management.
His research interests include the snow mapping with passive microwave remote sensing in the forested region.View more
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Richard Kelly received the Ph.D. degree in geography from the University of Bristol, Bristol. U.K., in 1995.
He held academic and research positions at the University of London, London, U.K., and NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA. He is the PI for JAXA’s AMSR2 standard snow depth product and has extensive experience in satellite microwave analysis of the cryosphere and field experiments using ground based microwave systems in ...Show More
Richard Kelly received the Ph.D. degree in geography from the University of Bristol, Bristol. U.K., in 1995.
He held academic and research positions at the University of London, London, U.K., and NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA. He is the PI for JAXA’s AMSR2 standard snow depth product and has extensive experience in satellite microwave analysis of the cryosphere and field experiments using ground based microwave systems in ...View more
Space and Earth Observation Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylaä, Finland
Leena Leppänen received the M.Sc. degree in astronomy from the University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, in 2012. She is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Since 2012, she has been a Research Scientist with the Space and Earth Observation Centre, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland. Her research interests include in situ and remote sensing observations of snow.
Leena Leppänen received the M.Sc. degree in astronomy from the University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, in 2012. She is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Since 2012, she has been a Research Scientist with the Space and Earth Observation Centre, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland. Her research interests include in situ and remote sensing observations of snow.View more
Space and Earth Observation Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylaä, Finland
Juho Vehviläinen received the M.Sc. degree and M.D. degrees from the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, in 2009 and 2018, respectively, with a focus on geophysics of the hydrosphere and the cryosphere. His master’s thesis done in the University Centre in Svalbard, Svalbard, Norway, handled snow modeling on the glaciers of Svalbard.
He is currently a Research Scientist with the Earth Observation Research Unit, Finni...Show More
Juho Vehviläinen received the M.Sc. degree and M.D. degrees from the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, in 2009 and 2018, respectively, with a focus on geophysics of the hydrosphere and the cryosphere. His master’s thesis done in the University Centre in Svalbard, Svalbard, Norway, handled snow modeling on the glaciers of Svalbard.
He is currently a Research Scientist with the Earth Observation Research Unit, Finni...View more
Space and Earth Observation Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylaä, Finland
Anna Kontu received the M.Sc. (Tech.) degree from the Helsinki University of Technology (currently part of Aalto University), Helsinki, Finland, in 2006, and the D.Sc. (Tech.) degree from Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, in 2018.
She currently works as a Sodankylä Research Infrastructure Principal Investigator with the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s Arctic Space Centre, Sodankylä, Finland. Her research interests inclu...Show More
Anna Kontu received the M.Sc. (Tech.) degree from the Helsinki University of Technology (currently part of Aalto University), Helsinki, Finland, in 2006, and the D.Sc. (Tech.) degree from Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, in 2018.
She currently works as a Sodankylä Research Infrastructure Principal Investigator with the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s Arctic Space Centre, Sodankylä, Finland. Her research interests inclu...View more
Space and Earth Observation Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylaä, Finland
Juha Lemmetyinen received the D.Sc. (Tech) degree in electrical engineering from Aalto University [former Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland], Espoo, Finland, in 2012.
From 2004 to 2008, he was a Researcher with the TKK Laboratory of Space Technology, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Helsinki, where he specialized in radiometer calibration techniques and remote sensing. From 2009 to 2013, he w...Show More
Juha Lemmetyinen received the D.Sc. (Tech) degree in electrical engineering from Aalto University [former Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland], Espoo, Finland, in 2012.
From 2004 to 2008, he was a Researcher with the TKK Laboratory of Space Technology, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Helsinki, where he specialized in radiometer calibration techniques and remote sensing. From 2009 to 2013, he w...View more
Space and Earth Observation Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylaä, Finland
Jouni Pulliainen received the M.Sc., Licentiate in Technology, and Doctor of Science in Technology degrees from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Helsinki, Finland, in 1988, 1991, and 1994, respectively.
From 2001 to 2006, he was a Professor of space technology at TKK, where he was specialized in remote sensing. He is currently a Research Professor with the Finnish Meteorologic...Show More
Jouni Pulliainen received the M.Sc., Licentiate in Technology, and Doctor of Science in Technology degrees from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Helsinki, Finland, in 1988, 1991, and 1994, respectively.
From 2001 to 2006, he was a Professor of space technology at TKK, where he was specialized in remote sensing. He is currently a Research Professor with the Finnish Meteorologic...View more
Contents Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Qinghuan Lireceived the M.S. degree in geomatics from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, in 2015, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, Department of Geography and Environmental Management.
His research interests include the snow mapping with passive microwave remote sensing in the forested region.
Qinghuan Lireceived the M.S. degree in geomatics from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, in 2015, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, Department of Geography and Environmental Management.
His research interests include the snow mapping with passive microwave remote sensing in the forested region.View more
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Richard Kelly received the Ph.D. degree in geography from the University of Bristol, Bristol. U.K., in 1995.
He held academic and research positions at the University of London, London, U.K., and NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA. He is the PI for JAXA’s AMSR2 standard snow depth product and has extensive experience in satellite microwave analysis of the cryosphere and field experiments using ground based microwave systems in cold season environments. He is a currently a Professor of physical geography with the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. His research interests include the microwave remote sensing of snow and ice.
Dr. Kelly is a member of the AGU, the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, and was the president of the Eastern Snow Conference.
Richard Kelly received the Ph.D. degree in geography from the University of Bristol, Bristol. U.K., in 1995.
He held academic and research positions at the University of London, London, U.K., and NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA. He is the PI for JAXA’s AMSR2 standard snow depth product and has extensive experience in satellite microwave analysis of the cryosphere and field experiments using ground based microwave systems in cold season environments. He is a currently a Professor of physical geography with the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. His research interests include the microwave remote sensing of snow and ice.
Dr. Kelly is a member of the AGU, the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, and was the president of the Eastern Snow Conference.View more
Space and Earth Observation Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylaä, Finland
Leena Leppänen received the M.Sc. degree in astronomy from the University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, in 2012. She is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Since 2012, she has been a Research Scientist with the Space and Earth Observation Centre, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland. Her research interests include in situ and remote sensing observations of snow.
Leena Leppänen received the M.Sc. degree in astronomy from the University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, in 2012. She is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Since 2012, she has been a Research Scientist with the Space and Earth Observation Centre, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland. Her research interests include in situ and remote sensing observations of snow.View more
Space and Earth Observation Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylaä, Finland
Juho Vehviläinen received the M.Sc. degree and M.D. degrees from the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, in 2009 and 2018, respectively, with a focus on geophysics of the hydrosphere and the cryosphere. His master’s thesis done in the University Centre in Svalbard, Svalbard, Norway, handled snow modeling on the glaciers of Svalbard.
He is currently a Research Scientist with the Earth Observation Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki. His research interests include developing automatic measuring networks of soil/snow/air interaction in Finland, the Artic, and Antarctica.
Juho Vehviläinen received the M.Sc. degree and M.D. degrees from the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, in 2009 and 2018, respectively, with a focus on geophysics of the hydrosphere and the cryosphere. His master’s thesis done in the University Centre in Svalbard, Svalbard, Norway, handled snow modeling on the glaciers of Svalbard.
He is currently a Research Scientist with the Earth Observation Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki. His research interests include developing automatic measuring networks of soil/snow/air interaction in Finland, the Artic, and Antarctica.View more
Space and Earth Observation Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylaä, Finland
Anna Kontu received the M.Sc. (Tech.) degree from the Helsinki University of Technology (currently part of Aalto University), Helsinki, Finland, in 2006, and the D.Sc. (Tech.) degree from Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, in 2018.
She currently works as a Sodankylä Research Infrastructure Principal Investigator with the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s Arctic Space Centre, Sodankylä, Finland. Her research interests include passive microwave remote sensing of seasonal terrestrial snow and soil frost.
Anna Kontu received the M.Sc. (Tech.) degree from the Helsinki University of Technology (currently part of Aalto University), Helsinki, Finland, in 2006, and the D.Sc. (Tech.) degree from Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, in 2018.
She currently works as a Sodankylä Research Infrastructure Principal Investigator with the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s Arctic Space Centre, Sodankylä, Finland. Her research interests include passive microwave remote sensing of seasonal terrestrial snow and soil frost.View more
Space and Earth Observation Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylaä, Finland
Juha Lemmetyinen received the D.Sc. (Tech) degree in electrical engineering from Aalto University [former Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland], Espoo, Finland, in 2012.
From 2004 to 2008, he was a Researcher with the TKK Laboratory of Space Technology, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Helsinki, where he specialized in radiometer calibration techniques and remote sensing. From 2009 to 2013, he was a Scientist with Arctic Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, where he has been a Head since 2014, for research on cryosphere processes. His research interests include the applications of microwave radiometers and synthetic aperture radar in remote sensing snow, soil, and vegetation, including the development of emission and backscatter models.
Juha Lemmetyinen received the D.Sc. (Tech) degree in electrical engineering from Aalto University [former Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland], Espoo, Finland, in 2012.
From 2004 to 2008, he was a Researcher with the TKK Laboratory of Space Technology, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Helsinki, where he specialized in radiometer calibration techniques and remote sensing. From 2009 to 2013, he was a Scientist with Arctic Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, where he has been a Head since 2014, for research on cryosphere processes. His research interests include the applications of microwave radiometers and synthetic aperture radar in remote sensing snow, soil, and vegetation, including the development of emission and backscatter models.View more
Space and Earth Observation Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylaä, Finland
Jouni Pulliainen received the M.Sc., Licentiate in Technology, and Doctor of Science in Technology degrees from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Helsinki, Finland, in 1988, 1991, and 1994, respectively.
From 2001 to 2006, he was a Professor of space technology at TKK, where he was specialized in remote sensing. He is currently a Research Professor with the Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, where he is a Director of the Space and Earth Observation Centre. He has authored over 300 scientific papers and technical reports in the field of remote sensing (112 in peer-reviewed international journals). His research interests include modeling and inversion algorithms in remote sensing, remote sensing data assimilation and application development for the needs of climate change studies, hydrology, weather prediction, traffic/logistics, active and passive remote sensing of environmental processes of the cryosphere, and boreal forest zone applying EO data (from regional applications to global scale).
Dr. Pulliainen is a member in scientific committees and organizations include the ESA Advisory Committee on Education from 2001 to 2007; the ESA CoreH2O Earth Explorer candidate Mission Advisory Group from 2007 to 2013; the National Committee of COSPAR since 2010; the delegate of Finland to SAON Board since 2011; a member of the ESA Earth Science Advisory Committee, the ESAC from 2013 to 2017; and the delegate of Finland to ESA Earth Observation Program Board, PB-EO since 2017. He has been a PI or a Project Manager for dozens of national and international research projects (e.g., ESA and European Union contracts).
Jouni Pulliainen received the M.Sc., Licentiate in Technology, and Doctor of Science in Technology degrees from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Helsinki, Finland, in 1988, 1991, and 1994, respectively.
From 2001 to 2006, he was a Professor of space technology at TKK, where he was specialized in remote sensing. He is currently a Research Professor with the Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, where he is a Director of the Space and Earth Observation Centre. He has authored over 300 scientific papers and technical reports in the field of remote sensing (112 in peer-reviewed international journals). His research interests include modeling and inversion algorithms in remote sensing, remote sensing data assimilation and application development for the needs of climate change studies, hydrology, weather prediction, traffic/logistics, active and passive remote sensing of environmental processes of the cryosphere, and boreal forest zone applying EO data (from regional applications to global scale).
Dr. Pulliainen is a member in scientific committees and organizations include the ESA Advisory Committee on Education from 2001 to 2007; the ESA CoreH2O Earth Explorer candidate Mission Advisory Group from 2007 to 2013; the National Committee of COSPAR since 2010; the delegate of Finland to SAON Board since 2011; a member of the ESA Earth Science Advisory Committee, the ESAC from 2013 to 2017; and the delegate of Finland to ESA Earth Observation Program Board, PB-EO since 2017. He has been a PI or a Project Manager for dozens of national and international research projects (e.g., ESA and European Union contracts).View more
