Electroencephalography Source Connectivity: Aiming for High Resolution of Brain Networks in Time and Space

The human brain is a large-scale network the function of which depends on dynamic interactions between spatially distributed regions. In the rapidly evolving field of network neuroscience, two unresolved challenges hold the promise of potential breakthroughs. First, functional brain networks should be identified using noninvasive and easy-to-use neuroimaging techniques. Second, the time-space resolution of these techniques should be good enough to assess the dynamics of the identified networks. Emerging evidence suggests that the electroencephalography (EEG) source-connectivity method may offer solutions to both issues, provided that scalp EEG signals are appropriately processed. Therefore, this technique's performance strongly depends on signal processing that involves various methods, such as preprocessing approaches, inverse solutions, statistical couplings between signals, and network science.