An overview of standardization efforts for enabling vehicular-to-everything services

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has been working on developing specifications on Machine to Machine Communications (M2M) and on the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) bringing light into the associated service and network requirements. This paper presents a special form of M2M/IoT communication, where at least one communication device is part of a vehicle that automatically communicates with other vehicles, pedestrians and Road Side Units (RSU). The initial efforts towards the so called Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) specifications are based on group communications and on proximity service features, both originally developed for mission critical communications. Such standardization efforts are enhanced and also integrated in the new service model enabled by 5G systems for supporting verticals, with the automotive industry being one of the major players. This paper provides a comprehensive study elaborating the current standards for enabling V2X considering the co-existence of 3GPP, oneM2M and ETSI Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), while analyzing potential open challenges.