I. Introduction
Electroporation is a convenient technique to introduce polar or charged molecules into a biological cell for drug evaluation or genetic manipulation [1]. Under a pulsed or continuous-wave (CW) electrical signal, nanometer pores can form on the cell membrane to allow molecules to diffuse in or out of the cell. The time it takes for poration varies as the effect of electrical stimulation is statistical and cumulative, and each cell is different biologically. Upon removal of the poration signal, the membrane can heal gradually. However, if the pore size or density is too high, the membrane cannot heal, the cell viability is affected, and the poration is deemed irreversible.