Fundamental Routing Protocols

The dynamic routing protocols can be classified into three categories: distance vector protocol, link state protocol, path vector protocol. As distance vector routing regularly exchanges data with its neighbor, it transmits a considerable amount of routing data through the network. In the link state routing protocol, each routing node builds three tables during its entire process of initialization, broadcasting, and calculation of the shortest path. These tables are used by the node to store the information and to build the final routing table. Path vector routing can be thought of as an extension of distance vector routing with routing loop avoidance and flexible routing policies. The path vector provides the listing of autonomous system (AS) that a packet has to traverse to reach the destination. This awareness about the path helps the router to implement routing based on policies.