I. Introduction
IN THE real world, many physical processes and systems, such as industrial chemical reactor, semiconductor manufacturing, solar power plant, and thermal processing, have the characteristics of spatial distribution. They are usually called spatially distributed dynamic systems, or distributed parameter systems (DPS) [1], [2]. The states, controls, and outputs of the processes depend on the space position as well as on the time [3]. The spatially distributed dynamic systems usually give rise to control problems that involve the regulation of highly distributed control variables using spatially distributed control actuators and measurement sensors.