Abstract:
Satellite images have long been used to study surface manifestations of internal waves (IWs). More recently, marine X-band radar data have been employed to retrieve IW pa...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Satellite images have long been used to study surface manifestations of internal waves (IWs). More recently, marine X-band radar data have been employed to retrieve IW packet parameters. Marine radars have the advantage over satellite systems that their high temporal resolution enables the study of the IW evolution. Until today, no method to automatically detect IW surface signatures in marine radar data has been suggested. In this paper, we present a new fully automated tool to retrieve IW signatures from marine radar image sequences. First, after various preprocessing steps, the IW packet velocity is determined using a combination of localized Radon transform and cross-correlation techniques. Temporal averaging of the marine radar data significantly enhances the IW signatures. The knowledge of the IW packet velocity is used to correct for the IW motion, enabling us to extend the averaging period, which further enhances the IW signal. An IW-motion correction is necessary because, otherwise, the IW signal would become smeared if the averaging period were much longer than the time it takes the IW to propagate between radar resolution cells. The IW-enhanced images are then utilized for the IW signature analysis. Here, we identify local backscatter peaks and exploit the marine radar's high temporal resolution to distinguish signal from noise. The resulting series of IW soliton maps provides information on changes in soliton wavelength, velocity, and backscatter intensity. Our marine radar IW signature analysis tool therefore offers a great opportunity of studying the spatiotemporal evolution of IWs as they grow and decay.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing ( Volume: 51, Issue: 9, September 2013)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Björn Lund (S'12) received the Dipl.-Umweltwiss. (environmental sciences) degree from the University Lüneburg (today Leuphana University Lüneburg), Lüneburg, Germany, in 2006. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in applied marine physics in the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
He was with Ocean-WaveS GmbH, Lüneburg, where he was involved in several national an...Show More
Björn Lund (S'12) received the Dipl.-Umweltwiss. (environmental sciences) degree from the University Lüneburg (today Leuphana University Lüneburg), Lüneburg, Germany, in 2006. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in applied marine physics in the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
He was with Ocean-WaveS GmbH, Lüneburg, where he was involved in several national an...View more
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Hans C. Graber received the B.E. degree (magna cum laude) in civil engineering with a minor in mathematics from The City College of New York, New York, in 1977 and the M.S. and Sc.D. degrees in coastal engineering/hydrodynamics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, in 1979 and 1984, respectively.
He is a Professor with the Division of Applied Marine Physics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ...Show More
Hans C. Graber received the B.E. degree (magna cum laude) in civil engineering with a minor in mathematics from The City College of New York, New York, in 1977 and the M.S. and Sc.D. degrees in coastal engineering/hydrodynamics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, in 1979 and 1984, respectively.
He is a Professor with the Division of Applied Marine Physics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ...View more
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Jingshuang Xue (S'12) received the B.S. degree in physical geography from Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, in 2007 and the M.S. degree from the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, in 2010, where she is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree.
Her research interests focus on internal wave signature analysis and parameter estimation from radar images.
Jingshuang Xue (S'12) received the B.S. degree in physical geography from Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, in 2007 and the M.S. degree from the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, in 2010, where she is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree.
Her research interests focus on internal wave signature analysis and parameter estimation from radar images.View more
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Roland Romeiser (M'00) received the Dipl.-Phys. degree from the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, in 1990 and the Dr.rer.nat. and Habilitation degrees from the University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, in 1993 and 2007, respectively.
From 1990 to 1998, he was a Project Scientist with the Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, where he was a permanent Staff Scientist from 1999 to 2009. From August 1998 to Jul...Show More
Roland Romeiser (M'00) received the Dipl.-Phys. degree from the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, in 1990 and the Dr.rer.nat. and Habilitation degrees from the University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, in 1993 and 2007, respectively.
From 1990 to 1998, he was a Project Scientist with the Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, where he was a permanent Staff Scientist from 1999 to 2009. From August 1998 to Jul...View more
Contents Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Björn Lund (S'12) received the Dipl.-Umweltwiss. (environmental sciences) degree from the University Lüneburg (today Leuphana University Lüneburg), Lüneburg, Germany, in 2006. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in applied marine physics in the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
He was with Ocean-WaveS GmbH, Lüneburg, where he was involved in several national and international research projects on nautical X-band radar applications (2002–2007). Before joining the University of Miami Ph.D. program, he was a Visiting Researcher with the Division of Applied Marine Physics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, where he worked on the development of algorithms to extract wind, internal wave, surface current, and individual wave information from shipborne nautical radar data (2007–2009). His current research focuses on nautical X-band radar remote sensing and air–sea interaction processes.
Björn Lund (S'12) received the Dipl.-Umweltwiss. (environmental sciences) degree from the University Lüneburg (today Leuphana University Lüneburg), Lüneburg, Germany, in 2006. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in applied marine physics in the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
He was with Ocean-WaveS GmbH, Lüneburg, where he was involved in several national and international research projects on nautical X-band radar applications (2002–2007). Before joining the University of Miami Ph.D. program, he was a Visiting Researcher with the Division of Applied Marine Physics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, where he worked on the development of algorithms to extract wind, internal wave, surface current, and individual wave information from shipborne nautical radar data (2007–2009). His current research focuses on nautical X-band radar remote sensing and air–sea interaction processes.View more
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Hans C. Graber received the B.E. degree (magna cum laude) in civil engineering with a minor in mathematics from The City College of New York, New York, in 1977 and the M.S. and Sc.D. degrees in coastal engineering/hydrodynamics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, in 1979 and 1984, respectively.
He is a Professor with the Division of Applied Marine Physics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, where he is also the Executive Director of the Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing and the Associate Dean for Infrastructure of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. Under a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) fellowship (1979/1980), he was a Guest Scientist with the Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany. He served as the Cochair of the Radio Oceanography Working Group and Waves in Shallow-Water Environment Working Group. He was a Member of the Scientific Working Group for NSCAT and the Ocean Vector Wind Science Team for SeaWinds, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and served on several national committees and international expert review boards for the European Union and European Commission. His research interests focus on experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies of ocean surface wave dynamics, radar remote sensing, maritime domain awareness, air–sea fluxes including boundary-layer dynamics, and hurricane and storm surge predictions, and he has been involved in many national and international projects and experiments on these topics.
Hans C. Graber received the B.E. degree (magna cum laude) in civil engineering with a minor in mathematics from The City College of New York, New York, in 1977 and the M.S. and Sc.D. degrees in coastal engineering/hydrodynamics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, in 1979 and 1984, respectively.
He is a Professor with the Division of Applied Marine Physics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, where he is also the Executive Director of the Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing and the Associate Dean for Infrastructure of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. Under a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) fellowship (1979/1980), he was a Guest Scientist with the Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany. He served as the Cochair of the Radio Oceanography Working Group and Waves in Shallow-Water Environment Working Group. He was a Member of the Scientific Working Group for NSCAT and the Ocean Vector Wind Science Team for SeaWinds, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and served on several national committees and international expert review boards for the European Union and European Commission. His research interests focus on experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies of ocean surface wave dynamics, radar remote sensing, maritime domain awareness, air–sea fluxes including boundary-layer dynamics, and hurricane and storm surge predictions, and he has been involved in many national and international projects and experiments on these topics.View more
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Jingshuang Xue (S'12) received the B.S. degree in physical geography from Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, in 2007 and the M.S. degree from the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, in 2010, where she is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree.
Her research interests focus on internal wave signature analysis and parameter estimation from radar images.
Jingshuang Xue (S'12) received the B.S. degree in physical geography from Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, in 2007 and the M.S. degree from the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, in 2010, where she is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree.
Her research interests focus on internal wave signature analysis and parameter estimation from radar images.View more
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Roland Romeiser (M'00) received the Dipl.-Phys. degree from the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, in 1990 and the Dr.rer.nat. and Habilitation degrees from the University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, in 1993 and 2007, respectively.
From 1990 to 1998, he was a Project Scientist with the Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, where he was a permanent Staff Scientist from 1999 to 2009. From August 1998 to July 1999, he spent a year with the Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, as a Feodor Lynen Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Since April 2008, he has been an Associate Professor with the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL. He has a wide experience in the field of remote sensing of ocean currents, waves, and winds by airborne and spaceborne microwave radars. He has been involved in many international remote sensing projects and experiments in this field and authored and coauthored 26 peer-reviewed journal articles and 67 conference articles and book contributions and organized and chaired several sessions at international remote sensing conferences. His research interests focus on the theoretical modeling of microwave radar signatures of ocean features and on the development and evaluation of new and improved techniques for current and wave measurements by conventional and interferometric synthetic aperture radar.
Dr. Romeiser has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering since fall of 2000.
Roland Romeiser (M'00) received the Dipl.-Phys. degree from the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, in 1990 and the Dr.rer.nat. and Habilitation degrees from the University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, in 1993 and 2007, respectively.
From 1990 to 1998, he was a Project Scientist with the Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, where he was a permanent Staff Scientist from 1999 to 2009. From August 1998 to July 1999, he spent a year with the Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, as a Feodor Lynen Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Since April 2008, he has been an Associate Professor with the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL. He has a wide experience in the field of remote sensing of ocean currents, waves, and winds by airborne and spaceborne microwave radars. He has been involved in many international remote sensing projects and experiments in this field and authored and coauthored 26 peer-reviewed journal articles and 67 conference articles and book contributions and organized and chaired several sessions at international remote sensing conferences. His research interests focus on the theoretical modeling of microwave radar signatures of ocean features and on the development and evaluation of new and improved techniques for current and wave measurements by conventional and interferometric synthetic aperture radar.
Dr. Romeiser has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering since fall of 2000.View more
