A Transmission-Cost-Based Model to Estimate the Amount of Market-Integrable Wind Resources

In the pursuit of the large-scale integration of wind power production, it is imperative to evaluate plausible frictions among the stochastic nature of wind generation, electricity markets, and the investments in transmission required to accommodate larger amounts of wind. If wind producers are made to share the expenses in transmission derived from their integration, they may see the doors of electricity markets closed for not being competitive enough. This paper presents a model to decide the amount of wind resources that are economically exploitable at a given location from a transmission-cost perspective. This model accounts for the uncertain character of wind by using a modeling framework based on stochastic optimization, simulates market barriers by means of a bi-level structure, and considers the financial risk of investments in transmission through the conditional value-at-risk. The major features of the proposed model, which is efficiently solved using Benders decomposition, are discussed through an illustrative example.

Notation

The main notation used throughout the paper is stated below for quick reference. Dual variables and other minor symbols are defined as required in the main text.