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Journals & Magazines >IEEE Transactions on Antennas... >Volume: 60 Issue: 2

On Small Terminal Antenna Correlation and Impact on MIMO Channel Capacity

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Boyan Yanakiev; Jesper Ødum Ødum Nielsen; Morten Christensen; Gert Frølund Pedersen
All Authors

Abstract:

Analysis of the antenna correlation at the design stage is made, and then compared to real life performance in a typical propagation environment and in typical use cases....Show More

Metadata

Abstract:

Analysis of the antenna correlation at the design stage is made, and then compared to real life performance in a typical propagation environment and in typical use cases. A traditional design flow is followed and conclusions are made on the performance of several handsets. These conclusions are then contrasted to measurements and an explanation is sought for the variations. It is concluded that correlation estimation and optimization at the design stage, using conventional methods, brings little benefit in real life situations. Impact on channel capacity has been the figure of merit.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation ( Volume: 60, Issue: 2, February 2012)
Page(s): 689 - 699
Date of Publication: 25 October 2011

ISSN Information:

DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2011.2173442
Author image of Boyan Yanakiev
Antennas Propagation and Radio Networking section at the Department of Electronic Systems Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
Boyan Yanakiev received the B.S. degree in physics from Sofia University, Bulgaria, in 2006, and the M.S. degree in wireless communication from Aalborg University, Denmark, in 2008, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree.
His current position is as an industrial Ph.D. student in cooperation with Molex Antenna Business Unit. His primary interests are in the area of small integrated mobile antennas, optical antenna ...Show More
Boyan Yanakiev received the B.S. degree in physics from Sofia University, Bulgaria, in 2006, and the M.S. degree in wireless communication from Aalborg University, Denmark, in 2008, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree.
His current position is as an industrial Ph.D. student in cooperation with Molex Antenna Business Unit. His primary interests are in the area of small integrated mobile antennas, optical antenna ...View more
Author image of Jesper Ødum Ødum Nielsen
Antennas, Propagation and Radio Networking Section, Department of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
Jesper Ødum Nielsen received the M.S. degree in electronics engineering in 1994 and the Ph.D. degree in 1997, both from Aalborg University, Denmark.
He is currently employed at Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, where his main areas of interests are experimental investigation of the mobile radio channel and the influence on the channel by mobile device users. He has been involved in channel sounding and ...Show More
Jesper Ødum Nielsen received the M.S. degree in electronics engineering in 1994 and the Ph.D. degree in 1997, both from Aalborg University, Denmark.
He is currently employed at Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, where his main areas of interests are experimental investigation of the mobile radio channel and the influence on the channel by mobile device users. He has been involved in channel sounding and ...View more
Author image of Morten Christensen
Antennas, Propagation and Radio Networking Section, Department of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
Morten Christensen was born in 1973. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Aalborg University, Denmark in 1998.
In 1998, he joined Bosch Telecom A/S, Pandrup, Denmark (acquired by Siemens Mobile Phones in 2000), where he designed integrated antennas for mobile terminals. In 2006, he joined Motorola A/S, Mobile Devices Aalborg where he was heading the EMC and Antenna department. He is now with Molex An...Show More
Morten Christensen was born in 1973. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Aalborg University, Denmark in 1998.
In 1998, he joined Bosch Telecom A/S, Pandrup, Denmark (acquired by Siemens Mobile Phones in 2000), where he designed integrated antennas for mobile terminals. In 2006, he joined Motorola A/S, Mobile Devices Aalborg where he was heading the EMC and Antenna department. He is now with Molex An...View more
Author image of Gert Frølund Pedersen
Molex Corporation, Aalborg, Denmark
Gert Frølund Pedersen was born in 1965. He received the B.Sc.E.E. degree (hons), in electrical engineering from College of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, and the M.Sc.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees from Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 1993 and 2003.
He has been employed by Aalborg University since 1993 where he is now a Full Professor heading the Antenna, Propagation and Networking Group and is also the Head of the Doctoral...Show More
Gert Frølund Pedersen was born in 1965. He received the B.Sc.E.E. degree (hons), in electrical engineering from College of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, and the M.Sc.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees from Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 1993 and 2003.
He has been employed by Aalborg University since 1993 where he is now a Full Professor heading the Antenna, Propagation and Networking Group and is also the Head of the Doctoral...View more
Contents

I. Introduction

With the fast approaching worldwide launch of the long term evolution (LTE) system, it is ever more urgent that adequate antenna design specifications are defined. From multiple input multiple output (MIMO) theory point of view, the received power, signal correlation and branch power ratio are all important for the channel capacity and overall system performance. The influence of each one is investigated in the literature [1] and certain requirements and rule of thumb numbers are available [2]. It is not clear, however, how to translate these essentially signal requirements, to antenna specifications. This paper takes a look at the current trends in antenna design and evaluates the relevance to real life performance. The focus is on correlation.

Author image of Boyan Yanakiev
Antennas Propagation and Radio Networking section at the Department of Electronic Systems Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
Boyan Yanakiev received the B.S. degree in physics from Sofia University, Bulgaria, in 2006, and the M.S. degree in wireless communication from Aalborg University, Denmark, in 2008, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree.
His current position is as an industrial Ph.D. student in cooperation with Molex Antenna Business Unit. His primary interests are in the area of small integrated mobile antennas, optical antenna measurement techniques and radio channel measurements. He has been involved in the design and development of multiple RF-to-optical convertors, for onboard handset measurements.
Boyan Yanakiev received the B.S. degree in physics from Sofia University, Bulgaria, in 2006, and the M.S. degree in wireless communication from Aalborg University, Denmark, in 2008, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree.
His current position is as an industrial Ph.D. student in cooperation with Molex Antenna Business Unit. His primary interests are in the area of small integrated mobile antennas, optical antenna measurement techniques and radio channel measurements. He has been involved in the design and development of multiple RF-to-optical convertors, for onboard handset measurements.View more
Author image of Jesper Ødum Ødum Nielsen
Antennas, Propagation and Radio Networking Section, Department of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
Jesper Ødum Nielsen received the M.S. degree in electronics engineering in 1994 and the Ph.D. degree in 1997, both from Aalborg University, Denmark.
He is currently employed at Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, where his main areas of interests are experimental investigation of the mobile radio channel and the influence on the channel by mobile device users. He has been involved in channel sounding and modeling, as well as measurements using the live GSM network. In addition he has been working with handset performance evaluation based on spherical measurements of handset radiation patterns and power distribution in the mobile environment.
Jesper Ødum Nielsen received the M.S. degree in electronics engineering in 1994 and the Ph.D. degree in 1997, both from Aalborg University, Denmark.
He is currently employed at Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, where his main areas of interests are experimental investigation of the mobile radio channel and the influence on the channel by mobile device users. He has been involved in channel sounding and modeling, as well as measurements using the live GSM network. In addition he has been working with handset performance evaluation based on spherical measurements of handset radiation patterns and power distribution in the mobile environment.View more
Author image of Morten Christensen
Antennas, Propagation and Radio Networking Section, Department of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
Morten Christensen was born in 1973. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Aalborg University, Denmark in 1998.
In 1998, he joined Bosch Telecom A/S, Pandrup, Denmark (acquired by Siemens Mobile Phones in 2000), where he designed integrated antennas for mobile terminals. In 2006, he joined Motorola A/S, Mobile Devices Aalborg where he was heading the EMC and Antenna department. He is now with Molex Antenna Business Unit responsible for the RF Research activities. His areas of interests includes handset antenna design, performance evaluation methods and radio propagation models.
Morten Christensen was born in 1973. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Aalborg University, Denmark in 1998.
In 1998, he joined Bosch Telecom A/S, Pandrup, Denmark (acquired by Siemens Mobile Phones in 2000), where he designed integrated antennas for mobile terminals. In 2006, he joined Motorola A/S, Mobile Devices Aalborg where he was heading the EMC and Antenna department. He is now with Molex Antenna Business Unit responsible for the RF Research activities. His areas of interests includes handset antenna design, performance evaluation methods and radio propagation models.View more
Author image of Gert Frølund Pedersen
Molex Corporation, Aalborg, Denmark
Gert Frølund Pedersen was born in 1965. He received the B.Sc.E.E. degree (hons), in electrical engineering from College of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, and the M.Sc.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees from Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 1993 and 2003.
He has been employed by Aalborg University since 1993 where he is now a Full Professor heading the Antenna, Propagation and Networking Group and is also the Head of the Doctoral School on Wireless which has enrolled approximately 100 Ph.D. students. His research has focused on radio communication for mobile terminals especially small antennas, diversity systems, propagation and biological effects and he has published more than 75 peer reviewed papers and holds 20 patents. He has also worked as consultant for developments of more than 100 antennas for mobile terminals including the first internal antenna for mobile phones in 1994 with lowest SAR, first internal triple-band antenna in 1998 with low SAR and high TRP and TIS, and lately various multi antenna systems rated as the most efficient on the market. He has been one of the pioneers in establishing over-the-air measurement systems. The measurement technique is now well established for mobile terminals with single antennas and he was chairing the COST2100 SWG2.2 group with liaison to 3GPP for over-the-air test of MIMO terminals.
Gert Frølund Pedersen was born in 1965. He received the B.Sc.E.E. degree (hons), in electrical engineering from College of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, and the M.Sc.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees from Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 1993 and 2003.
He has been employed by Aalborg University since 1993 where he is now a Full Professor heading the Antenna, Propagation and Networking Group and is also the Head of the Doctoral School on Wireless which has enrolled approximately 100 Ph.D. students. His research has focused on radio communication for mobile terminals especially small antennas, diversity systems, propagation and biological effects and he has published more than 75 peer reviewed papers and holds 20 patents. He has also worked as consultant for developments of more than 100 antennas for mobile terminals including the first internal antenna for mobile phones in 1994 with lowest SAR, first internal triple-band antenna in 1998 with low SAR and high TRP and TIS, and lately various multi antenna systems rated as the most efficient on the market. He has been one of the pioneers in establishing over-the-air measurement systems. The measurement technique is now well established for mobile terminals with single antennas and he was chairing the COST2100 SWG2.2 group with liaison to 3GPP for over-the-air test of MIMO terminals.View more

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