$\lambda$-OAT: $\lambda$-Geometry Obstacle-Avoiding Tree Construction With $O(n\log n)$ Complexity

Obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner minimal tree (OARSMT) construction is an essential part of routing. Recently, IC routing and related researches have been extended from Manhattan architecture (lambda₂-geometry) to Y-/X-architecture (lambda₃-lambda₄-geometry) to improve the chip performance. This paper presents an O(n log n) heuristic, lambda-OAT, for obstacle-avoiding Steiner minimal tree construction in the lambda-geometry plane (lambda-OASMT). In this paper, based on obstacle-avoiding constrained Delaunay triangulation, a full connected tree is constructed and then embedded into lambda-OASMT by zonal combination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work addressing the lambda-OASMT problem. Compared with most recent works on OARSMT problem, lambda-OAT obtains up to 30-Kx speedup with quality solution. We have tested randomly generated cases with up to 10 K terminals and 10-K rectilinear obstacles within 4 seconds on a Sun V880 workstation (755-MHz CPU and 4-GB memory). The high efficiency and accuracy of lambda-OAT make it extremely practical and useful in the routing phase.