File Type Identification of Data Fragments by Their Binary Structure

Rapidly gaining information superiority is vital when fighting an enemy, but current computer forensics tools, which require file headers or a working file system to function, do not enable us to quickly map out the contents of corrupted hard disks or other fragmented storage media found at crime scenes. The lack of proper tools slows down the hunt for information, which would otherwise help in gaining the upper hand against IT based perpetrators. To address this problem, this paper presents an algorithm which allows categorization of data fragments based solely on their structure, without the need for any meta data. The algorithm is based on measuring the rate of change of the byte contents of digital media and extends the byte frequency distribution based Oscar method presented in an earlier paper. The evaluation of the new method shows a detection rate of 99.2 %, without generating any false positives, when used to scan for JPEG data. The slowest implementation of the algorithm scans a 72.2 MB file in approximately 2.5 seconds and scales linearly