DPCS-SDMA: An ISAC-Aided MAC Protocol for Flying Ad Hoc Networks

Traditional carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) protocols struggle in flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) due to high-speed mobility, dynamic topology, and massive device access, leading to high latency, poor scalability, and frequent collisions. Existing MAC protocols are ill-suited for FANETs, which require spatial reuse and real-time adaptation. To address this, we propose the directional physical carrier sensing space division multiple access (DPCS-SDMA) protocol, integrating MIMO-based ISAC with backscatter communication for real-time UAV tracking, directional sensing, and efficient spatial reuse. By eliminating RTS/CTS control frames, our protocol reduces delay, improves throughput, and resolves hidden/exposed terminal issues with multi-directional carrier sensing. Simulations confirm its superior performance in throughput and access delay, making it ideal for large-scale FANETs demanding energy efficiency, low latency, and high adaptability.