Enhancing Cyber Security Against DDoS Attacks: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose significant threats to network infrastructures, particularly in critical sectors such as smart grid systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of DDoS attack detection and prevention strategies based on recent research findings. It encompasses various methodologies ranging from machine learning-based detection approaches to hybrid models integrating router-based client puzzles and pushback techniques. Key themes explored include the importance of cybersecurity in smart grid applications, communication standard vulnerabilities, and the evolving landscape of cyber threats. Additionally, the paper discusses practical implications such as enhanced security, reduced economic losses, and improved resilience in the face of DDoS attacks. Through a synthesis of diverse perspectives, this review underscores the critical need for unified defense mechanisms and hierarchical structures to effectively combat DDoS threats and ensure the integrity and reliability of network operations.