Efficient Detection of Knee Osteoporosis Using the Swin Transformer on X-Ray Images

Knee Osteoporosis (KOP) is a skeletal disease that is caused by low bone mineral density and the degradation of bone tissue. It increases the risk of bone fractures in the knee region and is commonly seen in older people but usually ignored due to its silent nature. Osteoporosis is mostly diagnosed via X-ray images and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans that can be difficult to read due to their sheer volume the subtle variations. This study aims to develop a Deep Learning (DL) utilizing Swin Transform model that can accurately recognize osteoporosis in knee X-ray images at an early stage. The dataset used for this research comprises knee X-rays labeled as either “normal” or “osteoporotic,” with image preprocessing including resizing to standard dimensions, converting the images into tensors, and normalizing pixel values to improve model performance. The model is trained and validated on arranged dataset, characterized by metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall or F1-score that gives an idea how well our model performs for prediction as acknowledged for its performance in image classification tasks. The results demonstrate that the Swin Transformer model has an overall accuracy of 89.38% on the data set for identifying osteoporosis features on knee X-ray images. This approach demonstrates the potential of the Swin Transformer model to serve as an effective tool for early osteoporosis diagnosis, offering improved accuracy and reliability compared to traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs).