A Compact Fan-Beam Steering Antenna With Omnidirectional Coverage in the 300 GHz Range

This paper presents an antenna for terahertz radar and communication in the 220-330 GHz range, designed for wide coverage through a two-axis gimbal system that enables 360-degree beam steering. The antenna forms a broad vertical and narrow horizontal fan beam, fed via a circular waveguide in the TE11 mode. Simulations and experiments confirmed efficient performance, with a vertical Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW) of 30 degrees and a horizontal HPBW of around 10 degrees at 300 GHz. The transmission bandwidth of the beams was measured to be about 15.8 GHz. This design provides a practical solution for terahertz communication systems, offering a compact size and wide coverage without the need for complex phase shifters.