Chapter 4 Machine learning and deep learning

From the evolution of the human race, the stories that have engulfed the curiosity of all the civilizations consist of nonliving things acting like human beings or, in simple terms, equating humans in terms of wisdom and adapting human behavior. Stories were plotted around objects like talking trees, dolls, and statues that could talk and behave like human beings, who actually accompanied or even guided the living entity to success, leading to a happy ending. This is how the early concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) came into imagination; it was later extended by Alan Turing and, most recently, the Hollywood movie character Iron Man introduced to the kids and youngsters through the AI bot Zarvis, who accompanies the lead character to gain superpowers through technology. AI has now become an integral part of the world, knowingly or unknowingly, it has made huge advancements especially through the evolution of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms and rich computation resources. The music that you listen to on YouTube is being used to train an ML model, which further predicts music for you; social media pages suggest different people and pages according to your likes and dislikes; self-driving cars, your shopping apps, and many other platforms are using AI to predict consumer behavior, plan efficiently, and thus, increase their revenue. AI is a fast moving technology with impacts and implications on both individuals and society. With a gentle introduction to history and some important algorithms used in AI, from ML to DL, we will be covering the major aspects of AI. The chapter takes a balanced look at AI, its impact on the existing world, as well as its growing potential in future.