BLDC Servo Motor System with Gradient and Ratio Method to Increase Extruder Movement Speed on 3D Printing

Technological developments in the digital era have had a significant impact on various sectors, with one of the leading innovations being Cartesian 3D printing technology. Most printers today still use stepper motors in the extruder drive system, which still has limitations in speed and energy efficiency. This research aims to overcome this problem by creating a BLDC servo motor system that can control the speed of the motor driving the X and Y axes using a BLDC motor at a stable speed, minimizing the mismatch between motor movement and filament output. Making this tool requires 3D printing firmware, microcontroller, electric speed controller (ESC), BLDC motor and speed sensor, the result of this system is a linier distance on the extruder. The smallest distance accuracy from this study was 0.2 mm. The research results show that the Angular speed of the BLDC servo motor on the extruder is stable, the average error is 0.7^% on varied speed, and the linear speed of the extruder motor can reach 120 mm/s. Without the method, the linear distance accuracy on variety speed has an average error of 3.89%, meanwhile the motor Extruder applying ratio gradient method, distance accuracy has an average error of 1.77% toward real distance