Advanced Numerical High-Fidelity Real-Time Dosimetry Simulations of Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields for Inductive Charging of Electric Vehicles

Inductive charging of electric vehicles as a method of wireless energy transfer involves low-frequency magnetic fields to which people inside or in the vicinity of the vehicles are exposed. The magnetic field and related electric field intensities induced in the human body are subject to restrictions established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection to avoid possible harmful biological effects. As part of an environmental electromagnetic compatibility analysis, numerical simulations of these exposure scenarios involve high-resolution voxel body phantoms. Within the Co-Simulation Scalar Potential Finite-Difference scheme, these numerical simulations repeatedly solve linear discrete Poisson systems in the range of nearly ten million degrees of freedom. Combining the underlying two-step approach with on-site magnetic field measurements modifies this scheme into a measurement-based variant, which requires solving these linear algebraic systems in real-time. Near-real-time solution techniques are presented involving highly parallelized algebraic multigrid-based solvers running on expensive multiple Graphics Processing Units-accelerated hardware and recently developed highly efficient reduced-order model formulations running on low-cost computing devices such as e.g., Raspberry Pi.

I. Introduction

Conductive charging is an established method for charging the batteries of electrified vehicles. To increase the attractiveness of individual electrified transportation, the area coverage of conductive charging systems must be increased, especially in public spaces.