Optimal urban EV charging station site selection and capacity determination considering comprehensive benefits of vehicle-station-grid

This paper presents an optimization model for the location and capacity of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The model takes the multiple factors of the “vehicle-station-grid” system into account. Then, ArcScene is used to couple the road and power grid models and ensure that the coupling system is strictly under the goal of minimizing the total social cost, which includes the operator cost, user charging cost, and power grid loss. An immune particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSOA) is proposed in this paper to obtain the optimal coupling strategy. The simulation results show that the algorithm has good convergence and performs well in solving multi-modal problems. It also balances the interests of users, operators, and the power grid. Compared with other schemes, the grid loss cost is reduced by 11.1% and 17.8%, and the total social cost decreases by 9.96% and 3.22%.