Abstract:
With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), many innovative lightweight block ciphers have been introduced to meet the stringent security demands of IoT d...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), many innovative lightweight block ciphers have been introduced to meet the stringent security demands of IoT devices. Among these, the Shadow cipher stands out for its compactness, making it particularly well-suited for deployment in resource-constrained IoT nodes (IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2021). This paper demonstrates two real-time attacks on Shadow for the first time: real-time plaintext recovery and key recovery. Firstly, numerous properties of Shadow are discussed, illustrating an equivalent representation of the two-round Shadow and the relationship between the round keys. Secondly, we introduce multiple two-round iterative linear approximations. Employing these approximations enables the derivation of full-round linear distinguishers. Moreover, we have uncovered numerous linear relationships between plaintext and ciphertext. Real-time plaintext recovery is achievable based on these established relationships. On average, it takes 5 seconds to recover the plaintext for a fixed ciphertext of Shadow-32. Thirdly, many properties of the propagation of difference through SIMON-like function are illustrated. According to these properties, various differential distinguishers up to full rounds are presented, allowing real-time key recovery. Specifically, the 64-bit master key of Shadow-32 can be retrieved in around two days on average. Experiments verify all our results.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Computers ( Volume: 73, Issue: 12, December 2024)
Funding Agency:
Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Yuhan Zhang received the bachelor's degree from China University of Petroleum, China, in 2019. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Her research interest includes cryptanalysis of symmetric ciphers.
Yuhan Zhang received the bachelor's degree from China University of Petroleum, China, in 2019. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Her research interest includes cryptanalysis of symmetric ciphers.View more
Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Wenling Wu received the Ph.D. degree from Xidian University, China, in 1997. She is a Professor with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Her research interests include information security and symmetric cryptography.
Wenling Wu received the Ph.D. degree from Xidian University, China, in 1997. She is a Professor with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Her research interests include information security and symmetric cryptography.View more
Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Lei Zhang received the Ph.D. degree from the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, in 2010. She is an Associate Professor with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interests include cryptanalysis and the design of block ciphers.
Lei Zhang received the Ph.D. degree from the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, in 2010. She is an Associate Professor with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interests include cryptanalysis and the design of block ciphers.View more
Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Yafei Zheng received the Ph.D. degree from the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, in 2018. She is a Research Associate with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interest includes block cipher.
Yafei Zheng received the Ph.D. degree from the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, in 2018. She is a Research Associate with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interest includes block cipher.View more
Contents Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Yuhan Zhang received the bachelor's degree from China University of Petroleum, China, in 2019. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Her research interest includes cryptanalysis of symmetric ciphers.
Yuhan Zhang received the bachelor's degree from China University of Petroleum, China, in 2019. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Her research interest includes cryptanalysis of symmetric ciphers.View more
Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Wenling Wu received the Ph.D. degree from Xidian University, China, in 1997. She is a Professor with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Her research interests include information security and symmetric cryptography.
Wenling Wu received the Ph.D. degree from Xidian University, China, in 1997. She is a Professor with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Her research interests include information security and symmetric cryptography.View more
Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Lei Zhang received the Ph.D. degree from the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, in 2010. She is an Associate Professor with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interests include cryptanalysis and the design of block ciphers.
Lei Zhang received the Ph.D. degree from the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, in 2010. She is an Associate Professor with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interests include cryptanalysis and the design of block ciphers.View more
Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Yafei Zheng received the Ph.D. degree from the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, in 2018. She is a Research Associate with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interest includes block cipher.
Yafei Zheng received the Ph.D. degree from the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, in 2018. She is a Research Associate with the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interest includes block cipher.View more
