Insights into Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication Dynamics: Quality of Service Analysis of Connection Behavior, Latency, and Doppler Shift

We delved into the behavior and efficacy of Low Earth Orbit (LEO, Starlink) satellite communication networks. Through the establishment of seven ground stations (e.g. Glasgow, New York, Taipei, Sydney, and others), a comprehensive analysis of key factors including connection duration, number of connections, latency, and Doppler shift was undertaken based on artificial intelligence and mathematic statistics methods. The results showed the findings as follows. From a long-term memory point of view, both connection duration and number of connections exhibit prolonged dependence, even within regions characterized by low coverage. The majority of 5423 satellites showed manifest latency within the range of 2–9 ms, with occasional spikes reaching a maximum of 12 ms. The discernible effect of the Doppler shift significantly influenced communication dynamics owing to the dynamic positional variations of satellites. The Doppler rate parameter, contingent upon satellite trajectories, showed variability and necessitates meticulous consideration to ensure the reliability of communication systems. Such results serve as invaluable reference points for the advancement of future LEO satellite communication frameworks, underscoring the imperative of Doppler shift mitigation to engender stable and secure operational paradigms.