Collision Risk Situation Awareness Evaluation Model Based on Bridge Operator Behavior Using Wearable Sensors

In the second autonomy stage in autonomous ships, reducing the number of bridge operators may increase the risk of accidents due to human error, especially the loss of situational awareness in collision risk situations. Because autonomous and remote-control systems are not yet well developed, bridge operators play a critical role in preventing collision accidents. However, most recent studies have focused on the technical development of autonomous ships, paying only a little attention to the monitoring of bridge operators. Similar to driver-monitoring systems in autonomous vehicles, there is a need to monitor the situational awareness of bridge operators on ships. In this study, we developed a model for evaluating the collision risk situation awareness (CRSA) of bridge operators based on their behavior. The results show that the model is effective in predicting the CRSA of bridge operators and is promising for practical applications.