Robust Robotic Search and Rescue in Harsh Environments: An Example and Open Challenges

The deployment of autonomous robots in harsh and unpredictable environments has gained significant attention in recent years, driven by the need to improve safety and efficiency in tasks where human involvement poses significant risks. Technological advances in sensors and communication technologies, as well as the proliferation of AI, have catalysed the development of highly capable and robust robotic systems in diverse scenarios, optimising efficiency, particularly in the area of disaster response. However, despite the progress made in the field of autonomous Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in harsh environments, several challenges remain unresolved. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the key technological advancements in components, algorithms and communication systems and how they facilitate highly efficient and robust autonomous missions in extreme subterranean conditions and SAR operations. Additionally, this paper aims to tackle some of the key challenges encountered during emergency response operations through a novel autonomous robotic design that leverages locomotion, perception, communication, and control capabilities to achieve effective exploration tasks in harsh and hazardous environments. Finally, it sets the scene for future enhancements in the area of autonomous and intelligent robots, suggesting potential avenues for further research and development in enhancing their capabilities and adaptability.