I. Introduction
Clustering is a statistical method for studying classification problems with the goal of unveiling the essential structural characteristics and potential patterns within the data. With the rapid development of science and technology, clustering technology is also constantly improving, covering an increasingly wider range, including data mining [1], [2], statistics [3], spatial database technology [4], medical image segmentation [5], [6], marketing [7], and other fields. The K-means algorithm [8] is the most classic clustering method, which strives to identify tight and hyperellipsoidal clusters by iteratively optimizing an appropriate cost function. Zadeh first proposed the concept of fuzzy sets and then successfully used mathematical methods to describe fuzzy concepts, thus giving rise to fuzzy mathematics. Subsequently, James applied fuzzy set theory to cluster analysis and produced the fuzzy clustering method.