Overview of the total power density in the eight carriers at four different positions, as measured with the horn setup (directional) and the triaxial setup (omnidirection...
Abstract:
In this work, in situ measurements of the radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure have been conducted for an indoor massive MIMO 5G base station operating at 26–28...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
In this work, in situ measurements of the radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure have been conducted for an indoor massive MIMO 5G base station operating at 26–28 GHz. Measurements were performed at six different positions (at distances between 9.94 and 14.32 m from the base station), of which four were in line-of-sight and two were in non-line-of-sight. A comparison was performed between the measurements conducted with an omnidirectional probe and with a horn antenna, for scenarios with and without a user equipment used to actively create an antenna traffic beam from the base station towards the measurement location. A maximum exposure of 171.9 mW/m2 was measured at a distance of 9.94 m from the base station. This is below 2% of the ICNIRP reference level. Moreover, the feasibility to measure the power per resource element of the Synchronization Signal Block - which can be used to extrapolate the maximum exposure level - with a conventional spectrum analyzer was shown by comparison with a network decoder.
Overview of the total power density in the eight carriers at four different positions, as measured with the horn setup (directional) and the triaxial setup (omnidirection...
Published in: IEEE Access ( Volume: 12)
Department of Information Technology, imec, Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Samuel Goegebeur received the M.Sc. degree in engineering physics from Ghent University, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in 5G spatio-temporal exposure modeling with the WAVES Group, Department of Information Technology. His research interests include raytracing simulations for geostatistical 5G exposure modeling and in-situ electromagnetic field exposure measurement campaigns.
Samuel Goegebeur received the M.Sc. degree in engineering physics from Ghent University, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in 5G spatio-temporal exposure modeling with the WAVES Group, Department of Information Technology. His research interests include raytracing simulations for geostatistical 5G exposure modeling and in-situ electromagnetic field exposure measurement campaigns.View more
Department of Information Technology, imec, Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Kenneth Deprez received the M.Sc. degree in electronics and information and communication technologies (ICT) engineering technology from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2019, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Department of Information Technology.
In September 2019, he joined the WAVES Group, Department of Information Technology, G...Show More
Kenneth Deprez received the M.Sc. degree in electronics and information and communication technologies (ICT) engineering technology from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2019, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Department of Information Technology.
In September 2019, he joined the WAVES Group, Department of Information Technology, G...View more
Ericsson Research, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden
Davide Colombi received the M.Sc. degree (summa cum laude) in telecommunication engineering from the Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in 2009. Since 2009, he has been with Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, where he is currently a Principal Researcher with research related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment. He was a recipient of the 2018 IEC 1906 Award. He has contributed to the deve...Show More
Davide Colombi received the M.Sc. degree (summa cum laude) in telecommunication engineering from the Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in 2009. Since 2009, he has been with Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, where he is currently a Principal Researcher with research related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment. He was a recipient of the 2018 IEC 1906 Award. He has contributed to the deve...View more
Ericsson Research, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden
Jens Eilers Bischoff received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, in 2022. He is currently with Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, with research related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment, specifically 5G and 6G.
Jens Eilers Bischoff received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, in 2022. He is currently with Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, with research related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment, specifically 5G and 6G.View more
Ericsson Research, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden
Carla Di Paola received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in telecommunication engineering from the University of Catania, Catania, Italy, in 2013 and 2016, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 2021. Since 2021, she has been an Experienced Researcher with the Electromagnetic Fields Health and Safety Team, Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, where she has been involved in research ac...Show More
Carla Di Paola received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in telecommunication engineering from the University of Catania, Catania, Italy, in 2013 and 2016, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 2021. Since 2021, she has been an Experienced Researcher with the Electromagnetic Fields Health and Safety Team, Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, where she has been involved in research ac...View more
Department of Information Technology, imec, Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Bram Stroobandt received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering: communication and information technology from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in 5G micro environmental exposure and dose assessment. His research interests include radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure assessment and wireless communication networks.
Bram Stroobandt received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering: communication and information technology from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in 5G micro environmental exposure and dose assessment. His research interests include radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure assessment and wireless communication networks.View more
Department of Information Technology, imec, Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Leen Verloock received the M.Sc. degree in electronics engineering from Katholieke Hogeschool Ghent, Belgium, in 2001. Since 2001, she has been a Technical and Research Assistant with the WAVES Research Group, Department of Information Technology, INTEC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. The WAVES Research Group has been a part of the imec institute, since 2004. The main focus of her work is the development and implementa...Show More
Leen Verloock received the M.Sc. degree in electronics engineering from Katholieke Hogeschool Ghent, Belgium, in 2001. Since 2001, she has been a Technical and Research Assistant with the WAVES Research Group, Department of Information Technology, INTEC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. The WAVES Research Group has been a part of the imec institute, since 2004. The main focus of her work is the development and implementa...View more
Research Group of Smart Sensor Systems, Faculty of Technology, Innovation and Society, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Delft, The Netherlands
Sam Aerts received the M.Sc. degree in applied physics and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2011 and 2017, respectively. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), from 2017 to 2022. Currently, he is an Associate Professor of smart sensor systems with The Hague University of Applied Sciences (THUAS). His research interests include sensor ne...Show More
Sam Aerts received the M.Sc. degree in applied physics and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2011 and 2017, respectively. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), from 2017 to 2022. Currently, he is an Associate Professor of smart sensor systems with The Hague University of Applied Sciences (THUAS). His research interests include sensor ne...View more
Ericsson Research, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden
Christer Törnevik (Member, IEEE) received the M.Sc. degree in applied physics from Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, in 1986, and the Licentiate degree in materials science from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 1991. He joined Ericsson, in 1991. Since 1993, he has been involved in research activities related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment. He is currently a...Show More
Christer Törnevik (Member, IEEE) received the M.Sc. degree in applied physics from Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, in 1986, and the Licentiate degree in materials science from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 1991. He joined Ericsson, in 1991. Since 1993, he has been involved in research activities related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment. He is currently a...View more
Department of Information Technology, imec, Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Wout Joseph (Senior Member, IEEE) was born in Ostend, Belgium, in October 1977. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering and the Ph.D. degree from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in July 2000 and March 2005, respectively. This Ph.D. work dealt with measuring and modeling of electromagnetic fields around base stations for mobile communications related to the health effects of the exposure to electromagnetic...Show More
Wout Joseph (Senior Member, IEEE) was born in Ostend, Belgium, in October 1977. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering and the Ph.D. degree from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in July 2000 and March 2005, respectively. This Ph.D. work dealt with measuring and modeling of electromagnetic fields around base stations for mobile communications related to the health effects of the exposure to electromagnetic...View more
Contents Department of Information Technology, imec, Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Samuel Goegebeur received the M.Sc. degree in engineering physics from Ghent University, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in 5G spatio-temporal exposure modeling with the WAVES Group, Department of Information Technology. His research interests include raytracing simulations for geostatistical 5G exposure modeling and in-situ electromagnetic field exposure measurement campaigns.
Samuel Goegebeur received the M.Sc. degree in engineering physics from Ghent University, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in 5G spatio-temporal exposure modeling with the WAVES Group, Department of Information Technology. His research interests include raytracing simulations for geostatistical 5G exposure modeling and in-situ electromagnetic field exposure measurement campaigns.View more
Department of Information Technology, imec, Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Kenneth Deprez received the M.Sc. degree in electronics and information and communication technologies (ICT) engineering technology from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2019, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Department of Information Technology.
In September 2019, he joined the WAVES Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University. His current research interests include monitoring networks for electromagnetic fields-extremely low frequency (EMF-ELF), EMF-radio frequency (EMF-RF), and mm-waves and positioning and sensing based on visible light (VLP/VLS).
Kenneth Deprez received the M.Sc. degree in electronics and information and communication technologies (ICT) engineering technology from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2019, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Department of Information Technology.
In September 2019, he joined the WAVES Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University. His current research interests include monitoring networks for electromagnetic fields-extremely low frequency (EMF-ELF), EMF-radio frequency (EMF-RF), and mm-waves and positioning and sensing based on visible light (VLP/VLS).View more
Ericsson Research, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden
Davide Colombi received the M.Sc. degree (summa cum laude) in telecommunication engineering from the Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in 2009. Since 2009, he has been with Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, where he is currently a Principal Researcher with research related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment. He was a recipient of the 2018 IEC 1906 Award. He has contributed to the development of IEC, ITU, and the IEEE standards on the assessment of radio frequency exposure from wireless equipment as an Expert, an Editor, and a Convener.
Davide Colombi received the M.Sc. degree (summa cum laude) in telecommunication engineering from the Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in 2009. Since 2009, he has been with Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, where he is currently a Principal Researcher with research related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment. He was a recipient of the 2018 IEC 1906 Award. He has contributed to the development of IEC, ITU, and the IEEE standards on the assessment of radio frequency exposure from wireless equipment as an Expert, an Editor, and a Convener.View more
Ericsson Research, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden
Jens Eilers Bischoff received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, in 2022. He is currently with Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, with research related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment, specifically 5G and 6G.
Jens Eilers Bischoff received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, in 2022. He is currently with Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, with research related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment, specifically 5G and 6G.View more
Ericsson Research, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden
Carla Di Paola received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in telecommunication engineering from the University of Catania, Catania, Italy, in 2013 and 2016, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 2021. Since 2021, she has been an Experienced Researcher with the Electromagnetic Fields Health and Safety Team, Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, where she has been involved in research activities related to radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure from wireless communication equipment. Her research interests include 5G and 6G mobile communication, antenna arrays, and electromagnetic field exposure assessments and methodologies.
Carla Di Paola received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in telecommunication engineering from the University of Catania, Catania, Italy, in 2013 and 2016, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 2021. Since 2021, she has been an Experienced Researcher with the Electromagnetic Fields Health and Safety Team, Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden, where she has been involved in research activities related to radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure from wireless communication equipment. Her research interests include 5G and 6G mobile communication, antenna arrays, and electromagnetic field exposure assessments and methodologies.View more
Department of Information Technology, imec, Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Bram Stroobandt received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering: communication and information technology from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in 5G micro environmental exposure and dose assessment. His research interests include radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure assessment and wireless communication networks.
Bram Stroobandt received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering: communication and information technology from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in 5G micro environmental exposure and dose assessment. His research interests include radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure assessment and wireless communication networks.View more
Department of Information Technology, imec, Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Leen Verloock received the M.Sc. degree in electronics engineering from Katholieke Hogeschool Ghent, Belgium, in 2001. Since 2001, she has been a Technical and Research Assistant with the WAVES Research Group, Department of Information Technology, INTEC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. The WAVES Research Group has been a part of the imec institute, since 2004. The main focus of her work is the development and implementation of assessment methods for electromagnetic fields around wireless systems. She also participates in EM-field measurement campaigns.
Leen Verloock received the M.Sc. degree in electronics engineering from Katholieke Hogeschool Ghent, Belgium, in 2001. Since 2001, she has been a Technical and Research Assistant with the WAVES Research Group, Department of Information Technology, INTEC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. The WAVES Research Group has been a part of the imec institute, since 2004. The main focus of her work is the development and implementation of assessment methods for electromagnetic fields around wireless systems. She also participates in EM-field measurement campaigns.View more
Research Group of Smart Sensor Systems, Faculty of Technology, Innovation and Society, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Delft, The Netherlands
Sam Aerts received the M.Sc. degree in applied physics and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2011 and 2017, respectively. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), from 2017 to 2022. Currently, he is an Associate Professor of smart sensor systems with The Hague University of Applied Sciences (THUAS). His research interests include sensor networks and electromagnetic field exposure assessment.
Sam Aerts received the M.Sc. degree in applied physics and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2011 and 2017, respectively. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), from 2017 to 2022. Currently, he is an Associate Professor of smart sensor systems with The Hague University of Applied Sciences (THUAS). His research interests include sensor networks and electromagnetic field exposure assessment.View more
Ericsson Research, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden
Christer Törnevik (Member, IEEE) received the M.Sc. degree in applied physics from Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, in 1986, and the Licentiate degree in materials science from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 1991. He joined Ericsson, in 1991. Since 1993, he has been involved in research activities related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment. He is currently a Senior Expert with Ericsson Group, responsible for electromagnetic fields and health. From 2003 to 2005, he was the Chairman of the Mobile and Wireless Forum, where he is currently the Secretary of the Board. Since 2006, he has been leading the Technical Committee on electromagnetic fields of the Swedish Electrotechnical Standardization Organization, SEK. He has as an expert contributed to the development of several CENELEC, IEC, ITU, and IEEE standards on the assessment of RF exposure from wireless equipment.
Christer Törnevik (Member, IEEE) received the M.Sc. degree in applied physics from Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, in 1986, and the Licentiate degree in materials science from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 1991. He joined Ericsson, in 1991. Since 1993, he has been involved in research activities related to radio frequency exposure from wireless communication equipment. He is currently a Senior Expert with Ericsson Group, responsible for electromagnetic fields and health. From 2003 to 2005, he was the Chairman of the Mobile and Wireless Forum, where he is currently the Secretary of the Board. Since 2006, he has been leading the Technical Committee on electromagnetic fields of the Swedish Electrotechnical Standardization Organization, SEK. He has as an expert contributed to the development of several CENELEC, IEC, ITU, and IEEE standards on the assessment of RF exposure from wireless equipment.View more
Department of Information Technology, imec, Wireless, Acoustic, Environment and Expert Systems (WAVES) Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Wout Joseph (Senior Member, IEEE) was born in Ostend, Belgium, in October 1977. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering and the Ph.D. degree from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in July 2000 and March 2005, respectively. This Ph.D. work dealt with measuring and modeling of electromagnetic fields around base stations for mobile communications related to the health effects of the exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
From 2007 to 2012, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-V), Brussels, Belgium. Since October 2009, he has been a Professor of experimental characterization of wireless communication systems. He has been a PI with imec, Ghent, since 2017. His professional interests are electromagnetic field exposure assessment, propagation for wireless communication systems, antennas, and calibration. Furthermore, he specializes in wireless performance analysis and quality of experience.
Wout Joseph (Senior Member, IEEE) was born in Ostend, Belgium, in October 1977. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering and the Ph.D. degree from Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, in July 2000 and March 2005, respectively. This Ph.D. work dealt with measuring and modeling of electromagnetic fields around base stations for mobile communications related to the health effects of the exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
From 2007 to 2012, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-V), Brussels, Belgium. Since October 2009, he has been a Professor of experimental characterization of wireless communication systems. He has been a PI with imec, Ghent, since 2017. His professional interests are electromagnetic field exposure assessment, propagation for wireless communication systems, antennas, and calibration. Furthermore, he specializes in wireless performance analysis and quality of experience.View more