Abstract:
Miniaturization of wireless neural-recording systems enables minimally-invasive surgery and alleviates the rejection reactions for implanted brain-computer interface (BCI...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Miniaturization of wireless neural-recording systems enables minimally-invasive surgery and alleviates the rejection reactions for implanted brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. Simultaneous massive-channel recording capability is essential to investigate the behaviors and inter-connections in billions of neurons. In recent years, battery-free techniques based on wireless power transfer (WPT) and backscatter communication have reduced the sizes of neural-recording implants by battery eliminating and antenna sharing. However, the existing battery-free chips realize the multi-channel merging in the signal-acquisition circuits, which leads to large chip area, signal attenuation, insufficient channel number or low bandwidth, etc. In this work, we demonstrate a 2mm\times2mm battery-free neural dielet, which merges 128 channels in the wireless part. The neural dielet is fabricated with 65nm CMOS process, and measured results show that: 1) The proposed multi-carrier orthogonal backscatter technique achieves a high data rate of 20.16Mb/s and an energy efficiency of 0.8pJ/bit. 2) A self-calibrated direct digital converter (SC-DDC) is proposed to fit the 128 channels in the 2mm\times2mm die, and then the all-digital implementation achieves 0.02mm{}^{2} area and 9.87\muW power per channel.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems ( Volume: 19, Issue: 1, February 2025)
Funding Agency:
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Changgui Yang (Student Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou, China, in 2019, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology. His research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design, biomedical sensor interface, and wireless power/data transmission circuits design for implantable medical devices.
Changgui Yang (Student Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou, China, in 2019, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology. His research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design, biomedical sensor interface, and wireless power/data transmission circuits design for implantable medical devices.View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Zhihuan Zhang received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, and the M.Sc. degree from the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2024. His research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design and wireless power/data transmission circuit design for implantable medical devices.
Zhihuan Zhang received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, and the M.Sc. degree from the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2024. His research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design and wireless power/data transmission circuit design for implantable medical devices.View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Lei Zhang received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, and the M.Sc. degree from the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2024. His research interests include the design of analog/mixed signal ICs and the design of transmitter circuits based on wireless power supply.
Lei Zhang received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, and the M.Sc. degree from the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2024. His research interests include the design of analog/mixed signal ICs and the design of transmitter circuits based on wireless power supply.View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Yunshan Zhang received the B.S. degree in measurement and control technology and instrument from Anhui University of Technology University, Ma’anshan, China, in 2017. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology with Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Her research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design and wireless power/data transmission circuits design for biomedical ...Show More
Yunshan Zhang received the B.S. degree in measurement and control technology and instrument from Anhui University of Technology University, Ma’anshan, China, in 2017. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology with Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Her research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design and wireless power/data transmission circuits design for biomedical ...View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Zhuhao Li was born in Nanjing, China. He received the B.S. degree in integrated circuit design and integrated systems from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2019. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in integrated circuits and systems with Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His research interests include low-power analog circuits, biomedical circuits and systems, and electrochem...Show More
Zhuhao Li was born in Nanjing, China. He received the B.S. degree in integrated circuit design and integrated systems from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2019. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in integrated circuits and systems with Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His research interests include low-power analog circuits, biomedical circuits and systems, and electrochem...View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Yuxuan Luo (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Eng. degree from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree from the National University of Singapore, Singapore, in 2018. From 2018 to 2020, he worked as a Research Fellow with the National University of Singapore. He is currently a Tenure-Track Professor with the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang Unive...Show More
Yuxuan Luo (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Eng. degree from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree from the National University of Singapore, Singapore, in 2018. From 2018 to 2020, he worked as a Research Fellow with the National University of Singapore. He is currently a Tenure-Track Professor with the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang Unive...View more
College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Gang Pan (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees from Zhejiang University, in 1998 and 2004, respectively. He is a Professor with the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University and the Executive Deputy Director with the State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence. His research interests include artificial intelligence, brain-inspired computing, brain-machine interfaces, and ...Show More
Gang Pan (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees from Zhejiang University, in 1998 and 2004, respectively. He is a Professor with the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University and the Executive Deputy Director with the State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence. His research interests include artificial intelligence, brain-inspired computing, brain-machine interfaces, and ...View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Bo Zhao (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2011. He was a Research Fellow with the National University of Singapore, Singapore, from 2013 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018, he was an Assistant Project Scientist with Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of ...Show More
Bo Zhao (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2011. He was a Research Fellow with the National University of Singapore, Singapore, from 2013 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018, he was an Assistant Project Scientist with Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of ...View more
Contents College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Changgui Yang (Student Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou, China, in 2019, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology. His research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design, biomedical sensor interface, and wireless power/data transmission circuits design for implantable medical devices.
Changgui Yang (Student Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou, China, in 2019, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology. His research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design, biomedical sensor interface, and wireless power/data transmission circuits design for implantable medical devices.View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Zhihuan Zhang received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, and the M.Sc. degree from the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2024. His research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design and wireless power/data transmission circuit design for implantable medical devices.
Zhihuan Zhang received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, and the M.Sc. degree from the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2024. His research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design and wireless power/data transmission circuit design for implantable medical devices.View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Lei Zhang received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, and the M.Sc. degree from the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2024. His research interests include the design of analog/mixed signal ICs and the design of transmitter circuits based on wireless power supply.
Lei Zhang received the B.S. degree from the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2021, and the M.Sc. degree from the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2024. His research interests include the design of analog/mixed signal ICs and the design of transmitter circuits based on wireless power supply.View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Yunshan Zhang received the B.S. degree in measurement and control technology and instrument from Anhui University of Technology University, Ma’anshan, China, in 2017. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology with Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Her research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design and wireless power/data transmission circuits design for biomedical applications.
Yunshan Zhang received the B.S. degree in measurement and control technology and instrument from Anhui University of Technology University, Ma’anshan, China, in 2017. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology with Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Her research interests include analog/mixed-signal IC design and wireless power/data transmission circuits design for biomedical applications.View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Zhuhao Li was born in Nanjing, China. He received the B.S. degree in integrated circuit design and integrated systems from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2019. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in integrated circuits and systems with Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His research interests include low-power analog circuits, biomedical circuits and systems, and electrochemical sensors.
Zhuhao Li was born in Nanjing, China. He received the B.S. degree in integrated circuit design and integrated systems from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2019. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in integrated circuits and systems with Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His research interests include low-power analog circuits, biomedical circuits and systems, and electrochemical sensors.View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Yuxuan Luo (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Eng. degree from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree from the National University of Singapore, Singapore, in 2018. From 2018 to 2020, he worked as a Research Fellow with the National University of Singapore. He is currently a Tenure-Track Professor with the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University. His research interests include sensing circuits and systems. He served as a Technical Program Committee Member of IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies, and Applications (ICTA), a Tutorial Chair of ICTA 2024, a Sub-Track Chair of 2022 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS) and a Guest Editor of Frontiers in Nanotechnology. He was a recipient of the 2018 The Institution of Engineers, Singapore (IES) Prestigious Engineering Award.
Yuxuan Luo (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Eng. degree from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree from the National University of Singapore, Singapore, in 2018. From 2018 to 2020, he worked as a Research Fellow with the National University of Singapore. He is currently a Tenure-Track Professor with the College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University. His research interests include sensing circuits and systems. He served as a Technical Program Committee Member of IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies, and Applications (ICTA), a Tutorial Chair of ICTA 2024, a Sub-Track Chair of 2022 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS) and a Guest Editor of Frontiers in Nanotechnology. He was a recipient of the 2018 The Institution of Engineers, Singapore (IES) Prestigious Engineering Award.View more
College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Gang Pan (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees from Zhejiang University, in 1998 and 2004, respectively. He is a Professor with the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University and the Executive Deputy Director with the State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence. His research interests include artificial intelligence, brain-inspired computing, brain-machine interfaces, and pervasive computing. He has co-authored more than 100 refereed papers, and has 51 patents granted. He was a recipient of NSFC for Distinguished Young Scholars, IEEE TCSC Award for Excellence (Middle Career Researcher), CCF-IEEE CS Young Computer Scientist Award. He has received many technical awards, including the TOP-10 Achievements in Science and Technology in Chinese Universitie, the National Science and Technology Progress Award, and the Best Paper Award of ACM UbiComp’16. He serves as an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems and IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems.
Gang Pan (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees from Zhejiang University, in 1998 and 2004, respectively. He is a Professor with the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University and the Executive Deputy Director with the State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence. His research interests include artificial intelligence, brain-inspired computing, brain-machine interfaces, and pervasive computing. He has co-authored more than 100 refereed papers, and has 51 patents granted. He was a recipient of NSFC for Distinguished Young Scholars, IEEE TCSC Award for Excellence (Middle Career Researcher), CCF-IEEE CS Young Computer Scientist Award. He has received many technical awards, including the TOP-10 Achievements in Science and Technology in Chinese Universitie, the National Science and Technology Progress Award, and the Best Paper Award of ACM UbiComp’16. He serves as an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems and IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems.View more
College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Bo Zhao (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2011. He was a Research Fellow with the National University of Singapore, Singapore, from 2013 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018, he was an Assistant Project Scientist with Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. Since 2018, he has been a Professor with the Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. He has authored or coauthored more than 70 articles and book chapters, and he holds more than 30 patents. His research interests include IoT radios, wireless power transfer, and wearable/implantable radios. He was a recipient of the 2017 IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Darlington Best Paper Award and the Design Contest Award of the 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design. He serves as the TPC Member of IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), as well as an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (2024–Now) and an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers (2020–2023, Best AE). He also serves as a Committee Member of IEEE/C/SM. He was the Publication Chair of the 2016 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference. He is elected to be the Technique Commitee Chair of Biomedical and Life Science Circuits and Systems Society.
Bo Zhao (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2011. He was a Research Fellow with the National University of Singapore, Singapore, from 2013 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018, he was an Assistant Project Scientist with Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. Since 2018, he has been a Professor with the Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. He has authored or coauthored more than 70 articles and book chapters, and he holds more than 30 patents. His research interests include IoT radios, wireless power transfer, and wearable/implantable radios. He was a recipient of the 2017 IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Darlington Best Paper Award and the Design Contest Award of the 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design. He serves as the TPC Member of IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), as well as an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (2024–Now) and an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers (2020–2023, Best AE). He also serves as a Committee Member of IEEE/C/SM. He was the Publication Chair of the 2016 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference. He is elected to be the Technique Commitee Chair of Biomedical and Life Science Circuits and Systems Society.View more
