Magnetic Straintronics for Ultra-Energy-Efficient Unconventional Computing: A Review

With rapidly increasing edge intelligence, domain-specific computers in heterogeneous fabrics are likely to rule the roost. Judicious choice of device technology and computational paradigms can drastically reduce the size, weight, and power (SWaP) of such computers, while also making them fully autonomous (clockless) and resilient against malicious attacks. Here, we review the promise of an emerging device technology—magnetic straintronics—in implementing extremely energy-efficient hardware for a wide variety of computing paradigms: neuromorphic, probabilistic, Bayesian belief networks, Boltzmann (BM) and Ising machines (IMs), matrix multipliers for deep learning networks, and reconfigurable stochastic neurons for p-computing. Magnetic straintronics has two important features—non-volatility and very low energy expenditure—which are conducive to edge processing and hardware cybersecurity. We discuss some unconventional computing paradigms implemented with magnetic straintronics while pointing out the remarkable energy efficiency in all cases.