1. Introduction
Enhancing the resilience of optical beam transmission in dynamically random media, such as turbulent channels, is desired for various applications, including free-space optical (FSO) communication, LIDAR, etc. Owing to time-varying inhomogeneities in refractive index and particle scattering, the quality of beams propagating in the atmosphere deteriorates, resulting in wavefront aberrations, intensity scintillation, beam divergence, and beam drift [1]. To counteract these detrimental effects, adaptive optics have been widely employed to rectify wavefront impairments in the beam effectively. However, integrating this active, real-time correction mechanism into all FSO applications poses challenges due to its intricate architecture [2].