Blockchain-Based Carbon Emission Accounting Method for Multi-Energy Systems

To achieve carbon neutrality and effectively record carbon emissions, it is imperative to establish a user-friendly and tamper-proof carbon emission accounting method. Considering that most of the existing studies focus on single loads, this study designs a multi-energy flow framework encompassing electricity, heating, gas, and cooling loads, and presents the corresponding user-side carbon emission models. In order to ensure the safety and traceability of carbon emission data, this paper proposes a user-side carbon emission accounting method empowered by blockchain smart contracts. By conducting several experiments in a simulation environment, this research analyzes the seasonal variation of user-side carbon emissions in Hengqin, China and verifies the feasibility of blockchain technology for carbon emission accounting.