Low-Latitude Indian Ionospheric TEC Variations during Geomagnetic Quiet and Disturbed Days

The Total Electron Content (TEC) of the ionosphere is a significant characteristic of the ionosphere, particularly for satellite navigation systems. TEC fluctuations in low latitude Indian stations Bengaluru (13°01ʹ02ʹʹ N, 77°34ʹ12ʹʹ E) and Hyderabad (17°25ʹ02ʹʹ N, 78°33ʹ04ʹʹ E) have been discussed from January 2021 to December 2022. TEC variations are examined and compared monthly and seasonally for geomagnetic quiet days and geomagnetic disturbed days. Over both locations, the results demonstrate that on disturbed days TEC levels are greater than on quiet days. Seasonal fluctuations demonstrate that equinox months have the most TEC variation, whereas summer months have the smallest variation. Furthermore, a correlation analysis is done between solar flux and TEC under both quiet and dynamic geomagnetic conditions at both locations. It is found that the link between solar flux and TEC is stronger on calm days than on disturbed days.