Advancing Droop Control Dynamics for Equilibrium in Decentralized Microgrids: A Strategy for Enhanced Power Distribution

Variations in feeder impedances among Distributed Generators (DGs) within a microgrid lead to inaccuracies in reactive power distribution. Additionally, significant fluctuations in load and diverse droop characteristics among DGs cause fluctuations in the inverter's voltage and frequency, thereby impacting both reactive and active power sharing. The generalized droop control strategy struggles to efficiently distribute both reactive and active power loads among the distributed generators. This paper introduces a decentralized enhanced droop-based control method aimed at improving the equitable distribution of both active and reactive power within an isolated micro grid utilizing inverters. The research then proceeds into enhancing droop control to achieve better optimization and incorporating additional mechanisms to distribute voltage, power, and frequency more effectively among different energy sources. A microgrid consisting of three DGs and three loads is simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the proposed control strategy is validated through this simulation. The outcomes offer valuable understanding on addressing challenges related to voltage, power, and frequency imbalances, thereby improving the stability of Microgrids (MGs), and ensuring dependable operation of decentralized energy systems.