A Distributed Internet of Vehicles Data Privacy Protection Method Based on Zero-Knowledge Proof and Blockchain

Aiming at the existing problems of insufficient security and poor scalability of existing blockchain data management solutions for the Internet of Vehicles, we use IPFS distributed technology to design a data privacy protection method for the Internet of Vehicles based on zero-knowledge proof. First, we use the Schnorr identity authentication protocol, a classic non-interactive zero-knowledge proof scheme, to complete the authentication and authorization of vehicles by RSU under the premise of protecting vehicle privacy. Secondly, we store encrypted data on IPFS-based edge distributed servers, and use Hyperledger Fabric to store authentication records and data indexes, which solves the problem of insufficient blockchain scalability. Finally, in order to improve the controllability and security of the data, we use the proxy re-encryption mechanism to manage the Symmetric-key of the data, and let RSU act as a proxy to perform re-encryption. Compared with the existing schemes, the proposed scheme reduces the communication overhead of the vehicle identity authentication phase, which is only 1728 bits. And while improving the scalability of the blockchain, it also enhances the privacy protection of the data of the Internet of Vehicles.

I. Introduction

The Internet of Vehicles [1] mainly refers to the interaction between vehicles and vehicles-people-road-Internet through wireless communication, edge computing, data mining, automatic control and other technologies. With the development and application of vehicle information collection technology and 5G technology, vehicles generate a large number of different types of data. According to statistics, a self-driving car can generate about 1GB of data per second from cameras, radar, GPS and other devices. Self-driving vehicles can use the collected data to improve autonomous driving performance, and ordinary vehicles can also make full use of the collected data to analyze the driver's behavior habits and diagnose vehicle conditions, so it is very important to securely store the Internet of Vehicles data to avoid unauthorized access and modification.