Smart Grid vs. Intelligent Grid; Artificial Intelligence Takes the Power System to the Next Level

This paper discusses the concept of intelligent power systems, particularly the distinction between smart grids and intelligent grids. Smart grids represent a convergence of various energy technologies and communication systems, enabling multidomain interactions. However, in such a grid, humans are still the ultimate decision maker based on the gathered information. By adding artificial intelligence to the system, smart grids can be upgraded to intelligent grids. This article explores the cutting-edge methods and propositions of machine learning and artificial intelligence, and their influence on a plethora of smart grid applications, aiding their transition to truly intelligent grids. The piece highlights the surge in interest and rapid advancement in employing machine learning and AI techniques to effectively tackle technical obstacles across various facets of the smart grid. However, it notes unresolved issues meriting additional research, such as high-performance data processing for informed decision-making in large, intricate multi-energy systems, and lightweight solutions based on machine learning. Additionally, the article spotlights the potential of harnessing progressive computing and communication technologies such as edge computing, pervasive internet of things, and 5G wireless networks within the smart grid framework. Simulating smart grids requires overcoming challenges posed by the integration of diverse subsystems with varying time scales. Co-simulation is employed for these cases. This paper presents the state-of-the-art in simulating intelligent power systems and addresses challenges in applying co-simulation to test cases spanning various domains, including information and communication technology (ICT) and power systems. We anticipate that this study will serve as a launching pad for continued exploration and advancement in this burgeoning area of knowledge and practice.