Nonlinear Hemodynamic Control Design via Input-Output Linearization

This paper tackles three-dimensional hemodynamic control problems (left atrial pressure, cardiac output, and mean arterial pressure) via drug therapy, which is a major challenge in treating heart failure. Our proposed approach is a nonlinear control system design based on strict system modeling and controller design. First, the control system was derived as an analytical representation where inputs are multiple drug infusions and outputs are three-dimensional hemodynamics. Second, the controller is designed by input-output linearization technique that conquers the system's nonlinearity and inter-dependency. As a result, the simulation study resulted in the successful conver-gence of three-dimensional hemodynamics, indicating the controller's validity and the remaining challenges such as control limitation.